The Challenger Disaster - Responsibility of Morton Thiokol Inc. Essay

The contest disaster was not only a disaster in terms of the destruction of the spacecraft and the death of its crew but also in terms of the decision-making process that led to the arrange and in terms of the posterior investigation into the "causes" of the disaster. The decision to recommend for ready was made by lower-level management officials over the objections of technical experts who opposed the put together under the environmental conditions that existed on the launch pad at the time. Furthermore, the lower-level managers who made this decision--both NASA and contractor personnel--chose not to report the objections of the technical experts in their recommendations to higher levels in the management chain- of-command to proceed with the launch. Finally, it seems that the lower-level managers had also received out-of-the-ordinary mash from higher levels of management (some allusions suggested this pressure may have come all the way from the White House) to proce ed with the launch on time. The subsequent investigation began with efforts to destine the technical causes of the volley of the Challenger. Initially, the decision-making process leading to the launch was not considered by investigators. This suggests that the initial purpose of the investigation was not concerned with ethical issues or issues of responsibility. As the investigation proceeded, information emerged through leaks to the press, which suggested that NASA had been aware of the risk of explosion under the environmental conditions that existed for the Challenger launch for several months prior to the launch. Also, the opposition of the technical experts to the launch just prior to the decision to launch became known to the investigators as well. These two pieces of information changed the nature of the investigation mid-stream from an effort to determine the technical cause of the explosion of the spacecraft to an investigation of thedecision-making process leading to th e launch. Viewing the Challenger disaster as an ethical problem would lead to an effort to determine whether the decision to launch was "right" or "wrong." Clearly, the explosion was an accident. It was an accident that might have been prevented or anticipated but the decision to launch was clearly a matter of judgment--albeit of ostensibly poor judgment in retrospect--rather than... ...s associated with launching in the environmental conditions at the time. Lower-level managers were able to avoid accountability for both the final decision to launch (made by higher levels of management) and for recognition of the technical risks associated with launching (resting in the failure of technical experts to provide justification against launching in technical specifications or formal regulations). for each one of these factors--the management chain-of-command, the role of technical specifications and formal regulations, and the availability of information--served to bot h hinder the ability of decision-makers to act and to obscure accountability for their decision-making. As such, they served to limit the responsibility of individuals inside the decision-making process and to render that process itself irresponsible. These obstacles to responsibility within NASA point to the more important ethical problem that existed beyond the scope of the specific instance of the Challenger disaster. Namely, the poor nature of the decision-making process within NASA and its negative role in fostering responsibility, both on the part of individuals and on the part of the organization as a who

Artificial Intelligence :: Technology Robots Essays

near IntelligenceArtificial Intelligence is a refer component to the vision for human-centric computing. Within the wide arena of artificial intelligence, expert systems could become useful for completing specific complex tasks. AI volition abide valu fit regardless of whether were able to build fully- functioning robots or human-esque brains. AI, the harnessing of intelligence on the computer, will turn complex thought processes into fast computer simulations it will be used to analyze past events and predict the future. The ability of these systems to explain the reasoning process through back-traces and to handle levels of confidence and uncertainty provides an additional gambol that conventional programming cant handle. (PC AI) The possibilities are endless.VisionThe vision of expert systems is straight forward to replace complex human thought processes and tasks with computer programs using Artificial Intelligence. For example, create a stock broker program to analyze stock prospects. Or create a program to make a decision on whether or not to hire somebody. The fun doesnt stop there umteen complex tasks can be do by computers using Expert Systems. This is make by emulating human logic on a machine. For example, an expert system for die prettify was developed Several studies on the decision making for polishing sequence and conditions using an expert system in the polishing process have been reported. (Ahn) Also, Tricks from neural networks and expert systems are used in a smart-vision engine called AIMS-an automatic inspection and management system for finished printed-circuit boards, specifically printed-wiring assembly and high-density interconnect. (Johnson) In the overall vision of human-centric computing, this means that people will one solar day be able to go to their computers, and not only have the interface of the machine built around them, but the machine will be able to be an expert in any number of areas allowing them to perform com plex analysis on data or perhap s aid them in the world of any number of things.ObjectiveAs the speed of computers increases, and the complexity of AI routines increases, the computer industry should be able to create software applications that replace many of the complex human thought processes. The computer industry should be able to economically create systems to do such tasks as analyze data, create data to meet your needs, and more. This should increase the productivity of the Worlds work force by greatly. This is the ultimate in human-centric computing applications with this technology, our most complex work will be done easily on the computer.

Egyptian Art and Architecture Essay -- Egypt Paintings Sculptures Buil

Egyptian Art and ArchitectureEgyptian Art and Architecture, the buildings, paintings, sculpture, and allied arts of ancient Egypt, from prehistoric times to its conquest by the Romans in 30 bc. Egypt had the longest unified history of any civilization in the ancient Mediterranean, extending with few interruptions from about 3000 bc to the 4th century ad. The nature of the country, fertilized and linked by the Nile, and its semi-isolation from outside cultural influences, produced an artistic style that changed little during this long period. Art in all its forms was devoted principally to the service of the pharaoh, who was considered a beau ideal on Earth, to the state, and to religion. From early times a belief in a life after death dictated that the dead be buried with square goods to their ensure well-being for eternity. The regular patterns of naturethe annual flooding of the Nile, the cycle of the seasons, and the progress of the Sun that brought day and nightwere considere d gifts from the gods to the people of Egypt. Egyptian thought, morality, and culture were root in a deep respect for order and balance. Change and novelty were not considered important in themselves thus the style and representational conventions in Egyptian art that were established early in the development of that civilization continued virtually unchanged for more than 3,000 years. To the modern eye the Egyptian artistic phrasal idiom may seem stiff and static its underlying intention, however, was not to create an image of things as they appear in reality, but rather to capture the plaza of a person, animal, or object for eternity.II PREDYNASTIC PERIOD The early prehistoric dwellers on the Nile inhabited the terraces or plateaux left hand by the river as it cut its bed. Tools and implements left by these early inhabitants of Egypt show their gradual development from seminomadic hunter-gatherers to settled agriculturists. By 4000 bc the civilization of Egypt was in its earlie st formative stages the Predynastic period, which lasted until about 3100 bc, had begun.Evidence of form settlements dating from this period has been found, and artefacts produced are mainly associated with burials. Objects were put into the grave with the body for the use of the spirit in the next life thus a salient quantity of such personal goods as pottery, tools, and weapons has been preserve... ...from earlier monuments. An interest in perceptive portraiture begun in the 25th Dynasty was continued, sometimes with splendid results.The 26th Dynasty end with the invasion by the Persian Empire and, except for brief periods, Egypt was never again completely free from foreign domination. The conquest of the country by horse parsley the Great in 332 bc and by the Romans in 30 bc brought Egypt into the Classical world, but the ancient artistic traditions persisted. Alexander and his successors were depicted on the walls of temples as Egyptian kings in an Egyptian style of relief ca rving. Temples were built in the Ptolemaic period (the dynasty founded by Alexander) and in the Roman period that echoed traditional Egyptian styles in architecture.Egyptian art also exerted a powerful influence on the cultures of the invaders. Early Greek artists acknowledged a debt to Egypt in the development of their give styles. The Romans so loved Egyptian art that they carried off to their homeland countless examples and even had imitations of Egyptian sculpture carved by Roman artists. The influence of Egyptian art and the fascination with Egyptian antiquity have persisted to the present day.

Industrial Revolution :: essays research papers

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION.The Industrial Revolution is the name given to the movement in which machines changed peoples way of lifetime as strong as their methods of manufacture. About the time of the American Revolution, incline People began to use machines to make cloth and steam engines to run the machines. Sometime afterwards they invented locomotives. Productivity began a steep climb. By 1850 almost Englishmen were laboring in industrial towns and Great Britain had become the workshop of the world. From Britain the Industrial Revolution spread step by step throughout Europe and to the United States.The most important of the changes that the Industrial Revolution brought were1. The invention of machines to do the work of hand tools.2. The use of steam, and later of other kinds of power, in place of the muscles.3. The adoption of the factory system.The Industrial Revolution came gradually. However, when measured against the centuries people had worked entirely by hand, it ha ppened in a short span of time. Until the inventions of the flying birdie in 1733 and the spinning jenny in 1764, the making of yarn and the weaving of cloth had been much the same for thousands of years. By 1800 a host of new and accelerated processes were in use in both manufacture and transportation. Several systems of making goods had grown up by the time of the Industrial Revolution. In country districts families produced most of the supplies that they used, while in the cities merchandise was made in shops, and manufacturing was strictly regulated by the guilds and by the politics. The goods made in these shops were limited and costly. The merchandisers needed cheaper items, as well as larger quantities, for their growing trade. They had to establish another system of producing goods. The cottage or domestic industry filled in the gap for some time, because it gave the merchant a large supply of manufactured articles at a low price. It provided employment for every member of a craft workers family and gave jobs to skilled workers who had no jacket crown to start businesses for themselves. A few merchants who had enough capital had gone a step further. They brought workers together under one roof and supplied machines. These establishments were factories.After centuries of the craft guilds and the government having controlled commerce and industry, began the belief that it was better to let business be regulated by the free play of supply and demand rather than by laws The English government started to leave business free to adopt the new inventions and the methods of production which were best suited to them.

Employee Benefit Programs in the Information Technology Industry Essay

Individual Case StudyDevelop a case reputation that analyzes the competitive position of a business government activity in a technologically-oriented industry. This case study should demonstrate an understanding of competitive forces and principles applicable to competitive environments, including Sun Tzus Art of War axioms. The case study should be 5-7 pages in length. All men can see these tactics whereby I conquer, but what none can see is the strategy out of which achievement is evolved. Sun Tzu Can you imagine what I would do if I could do all I can? Sun Tzu I work for Electronic entropy Systems (EDS). EDS is a global business and technology services friendship headquartered in Plano, Texas. Hewlett-Packard Co. reached a deal with EDS to acquire the company for $13.9 billion . On August 26, 2008, the deal was sealed and EDS was renamed EDS, an HP Company. After the normal paranoid questions were raised (possible layoffs, transfers, loss of pensions, etc.), everyone ha d questions about HP and Compaq computers. The first questions were, What are we dismissal to do with all of the Dell servers and computers? Are we going to get new HP workstations? And how can we get free computers, or at least minify?These questions got me to research Employee Computer Purchase Plans with several other companies.Siemens AG is Europes largest engineering conglomerate it is one of the worlds largest communications, electronics and electrical engineering companies. Siemens home office are located in Berlin and Munich, Germany. Siemens employs over 480,000 people in nearly 190 countries their revenues were over 72.448 billion Euros in fiscal year 2007. The company has three main business sectors. These... ... Its perfect.BIBLIOGRAPHYSun Tzu Qotes (2008). Retrieved September 10, 2008 from the BrainyQuote website http//www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/s/sun_tzu.htmlElectronic Data Systems (2008). Retrieved September 11, 2008 from the Wikipedia website h ttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Data_Systems.Margaret E. Dobbin. (2008). expand Text The Content Experts. Retrieved September 11, 2008, from Open Text Web siste http//www.opentext.com/news/pr.html?id=123. Paul, Franklin (2008). HP to buy EDS for $12.6 bln in challenge to IBM, Reuters, pp. 4. Retrieved on September 11, 2008, from the Reuter UK website http//uk.reuters.com/article/companyNews/idUKN1230539620080514.(2008). Fujitsu The Possibilities are Infinite. Retrived September 11, 2008, from the Fujitsu website http//www.fujitsu.com/uk/

Themes in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce :: A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

James Joyces A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is a novel of daedal themes developed through frequent allusions to classical mythology. The myth of Daedalus and Icarus serves as a structuring element in the novel, uniting the central themes of individual rebellion and discovery, producing a pass water of literature that illuminates the motivations of an artist, and the development of his individual philosophy. James Joyce chose the name Stephen Dedalus to link his hero with the mythical Greek hero, Daedalus. In Greek myth, Daedalus was an architect, inventor, and artisan. By request of King Minos, Daedalus make a labyrinth on Crete to contain a monster called the Minotaur, half bull and half man. Later, for displeasing the king, Daedalus and his son Icarus were both confined in this labyrinth, which was so complex that even its creator could not find his way out. Instead, Daedalus fashioned wings of wax and feathers so that he and his son could escape. When Icarus flew t oo high -- too near the sun -- in spite of his fathers warnings, his wings melted, and he fell into the sea and drowned. His more cautious father flew to safety (World Book 3). By utilise this myth in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (Portrait of the Artist), Joyce succeeds in giving definitive treatment to an archetype that was closely established long before the twentieth century (Beebe 163). The Daedalus myth gives a basic structure to Portrait of the Artist. From the beginning, Stephen, like most young people, is caught in a maze, just as his namesake Daedalus was. The schools are a maze of corridors Dublin is a maze of streets. Stephens mind itself is a convoluted maze filled with dead ends and gamin reasoning (Hackett 203) Met her today point blank in Grafton Street. The crowd brought us together. We both stopped. She asked me why I never came, said she had heard all sorts of stories or so me. This was only to gain time. Asked me, was I writing poems? About whom? I asked her. This confused her more and I felt sorry and mean. Turned off that valve at at once and opened the spiritual-heroic refrigerating apparatus, invented and patented in all countries by Dante Alighieri. (Joyce 246) Life poses riddles at every turn. Stephen roams the labyrinth searching his mind for answers (Gorman 204).

My Dream Job Essay

Everyone has a dream. I too dream of a frolic that will make me childs dream comes true. My grandfather and father both traditional Chinese physician. They have excellent medical skill and tall medical ethic. In China, The doctor is called angles in white, People respect them. I used to get sick in my childhood. My father always send away cure my disease by traditional Chinese medical. I think everything like a magic. I feel so amazing.I adore my father, so when I was a child, I want to be a traditional Chinese physician. And then the dream is not changed. History By learning active more companionship, I know Traditional Chinese medication has a history of several years. It is one of Chinese splendid cultural heritages. It is the science traffic with human physiology, pathology, diagnosis, handling and prevention of diseases. During several thousand years it has made great contributions to the promotion of health, the proliferation and prosperity of the Chinese nation, and the enrichment and development of world medicine as well. pic Li Shizhen, one of the famous physicians in the Chinese history. He is very important for the traditional Chinese medical develop. He makes people start forethought it. He wrote too many books that about how to use the tradition skill to cure the sickness to save the patient. pic Ben Cao Gang Mu is the most famous of traditional Chinese medical books by Li Shizhen wrote. The book consists of 52 volumes with 1,892 medicinal herbs, including over 10,000 prescriptions and 1,000 illustrations of medicinal items.It is a great contribution to the development of pharmacology both in China and all over the world. Methods of treatment Diagnose skills Chinese massage Acupuncture Chinese herbs ? Diagnose skills pic There is a combined use of the quad diagnostic methods among herbalist doctors observe, hear and smell, ask about background and touching After the four steps, the doctor can know patients illness. whence treatment wa s deferred pending further diagnosis. ? Chinese massage pic Chinese massage is known as Tui Na, uses wave-like motions to loosen joints and nourish muscles.Bring awareness back to a persons body and making it a first step in the healing process. Stimulate the flow of Qi, blood and body fluids can be used to treat pain, stress or digestion problem. The masseur can give you an all-over massage and focus on specific areas with pain or do a treatment on the affected area. So tradition Chinese medical can use our life. Chinese massage gather up skilled technological and more experiences. So I should constant practice. ? Acupuncture Acupuncture is both One of the oldest forms of Chinese Medicine.It as same as massage are both important. Acupuncture involves the input signal of anatomical points on the body with thin needled. Needles are placed at Yin/Yang Meridian points. Contrary to what you might think, acupuncture patients usually feel little to no pain, because acupuncture needles a re hair-thin and are manipulated either by hand or electricity. pic ? Chinese herbs Except for use these skills, tradition Chinese physician also need know Chinese herbs purposes. Herbs are a vital part of Chinese healing. Chinese herbs have many kinds.Differentiate into many species. Each ingredient has queer characteristics. The ingredients work in harmony to help a persons body. Herbs can help boost Qi and balance Yin/Yang. pic Advantage Whatever traditional Chinese physician or other doctors, they have many same effects. They like an angel who brings patients from illness to happiness and give the hope to the patients to live on. They may let these experiences personally the human which the indisposition suffers to get rid of the pain and they saved many peoples lives during their work. Traditional Chinese physician not only can help patients take away the pain, but also help people keep in good health by slightly traditional methods. For example Chinese food therapy is good for our health, and it can use to our daily life, for food and drink. Certain foods and herbs are prescribed to restore balance to the body. combining Qigong with exercise is a good choice, because it regulates the mind and breathing to promote the flow of Qi. It can make our sound in body and mind. pic pic Traditional Chinese medicine contains thousands of year peoples wisdom.It is only belong to Chinese unique culture. And Chinese herbs are from nature, without adding any chemicals. So the herbs dont have no-good effect for health. Tradition Chinese medicine is an abstract subject. It has many different skills. The effects of different, but they are the same important. So I know that if I want to be a good tradition Chinese physician, I need spend many energy and time to master different knowledge and learn how to become a good doctor. I will try do my best that make dream come true.

Nvq 5 Equality and Diversity Essay

Champion Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Unit 5031.) Understand Diversity, Equality and Inclusions in own atomic number 18a of Responsibility1.1) Explain Models of employments that underpin equality, and diversity and inclusions in own atomic number 18a of responsibility.see moremodels of practice that underpin equality diversity and inclusionThe social model of disability which views disparity and prejudice as being embedded in todays society, their attitudes and their surrounding environment. Society often focuses on what a person lacks in terms of disability and focuses on condition or illness or a persons lack of ability. Medical model of disability which views adults has having an impairment or lacking in some wayPerson centred views the person as single and unique and places the person at the centre of at that place contend whether this be physical, psychological, social, spiritual. Qualities, abilities, fires, preferences and needs. Offering the own(prenominal) who le involvement in there annihilate and input to completing there pay program and how they worry to receive this, where they want to live and who with. As a manager I am responsible for ensuring that the ethos within the home fires equality and diversity through genteelness, insurance policy and procedures, support plans and health files. In marge with the assistance Act, Mental Capacity Act 2005. Equality Act 2010, humanity Rights Act 1998 And enable supply to have the confidence to ch wholeenge favoritism.Ensure that all told c atomic number 18fulness and support is personalised individual having control of own personal budgets. There is partnership. prolong is delivered in partnership with individuals from communities. Voluntary and private sectors the NHS and housing. Protection. Safeguarding against the attempt of crime or neglect1.2) Analyse the potential effects of barriers to equality and inclusions in own area of responsibilityLack of finance Independenc eLanguage military positionIsolation/SegregationLack of AccessFear/IgnoranceBARRIERSSocial MythsOffensive Images of Disabled People.Lack of educationAdapted housingLack of employment e precisewhere protective familiesLabellingPrejudiceLack of anti contrast Legislation1.3) Analyse the impact of legislation and policy initiatives on the promotion of equality, diversity and inclusion in own area of responsibilityAs a manager the impact of legislation on each operate stick out only mean true(p) things in promoting good quality care ensuring that all lag, families, friends and professionals are working together and putting the answer substance ab drug user at the heart of improvement provision, eg providing diligent support, promoting individuals rights, choices and wellbeing, anti-discriminatory practice, empowering value users dealing with tensions and contradictions provide development and procreation practical implications of hush-hushity, eg recording, reporting, stori ng and sharing of information. Active promotionof anti-discriminatory practice ethical principles putting the function user at the heart of service provision, eg providing active support consistent with the beliefs, culture and preferences * supporting individuals to express their needs and preferences, empowering individuals, promoting individuals rights, choices and wellbeing balancing individual rights with the Rights of others* dealing with conflicts identifying and challenging discrimination ad hominem beliefs and value systems influences on, eg culture, beliefs, past events, socialisation,* environmental influences, health and wellbeing developing greater self-awareness and tolerance of differences committing to the care value base careful use of run-in working within legal, ethical and policy guide broths2) Be Able to Champion Diversity, Equality and inclusion2.1) Promote equality, Diversity and inclusion in policy and practise.PCP- Support plans- This is to reckon all c are is given as the service user would like to be back up and how they would like to be supported, when they would like to be supported, where they would like to receive support, by whom they would like to support them and there chosen way of support Regular Supervisions every 6-8 weeks- this is to monitor each lag member each and monitor there practises and ensure that policy and procedures are being attach toed at all times and challenge this when staff are not by- edge lineage description and guidelines and policies.Yearly Appraisals- This is to monitor yrly progress of each support worker and offer a planned goal make up ones mind for the following year to promote a persons abilities and procreation needs also to support progression in there role. Staff rearing and periodic updates- Staff upbringing is very important in providing staff with the tools to bump off there roles in line with the care standards and the guard of all staff and service users. And ensure tha t the staff certify this in there role and performance which is monitoredthrough command and appraisals Regular updating of policy and procedures- it is important that all policies are monitored and regularly canvas of the limit to reflect the care standards, health and safety, the Law and updates are made to reflect whatsoever changes in the standards and Law All staff to read and sign all policy and procedures yearly Its important that staff read and sign the policy and procedures as this outlines there responsibility in health and social care to follow the standards set out and that there actions are lawful and in line with the health and social care act.They mustiness be made aware of any changes and updates and they must demonstrate that they can follow the policies in there role they must read and sign every year to custody updated Weekly service users shocks- staff are encouraged to support all service users to plan and be touch in weekly service users meeting the meeting must be set out with clear goals all service uses must be given the opt unity to have input in the meeting and express themselves in a form of communication that they are familiar with and all meetings must be documented and must reflect on any completed actions from the last meeting .the meeting must contain sections on faceal changes, Home changes, changes to the staff team, health and safety, menu planning , activities planning, Personal section for service users to raise anything they would like to raise that is specific to them, any other business, and a good news section, service users fabrication Quarterly staff meetings staff are communicate of any organisational information, Health and safety, changes to policy and procedures or cqc information, service users information, staff forum feedback, any other business.Good news section Regular managers meetings-to keep the manager updated on organisational information,CQC information, check at paper work or new paper work to be implemented , staffing, HR, Training, Finance, Purchasing and supplying each meeting go forth include all manger from each home and area managers, operations manager, managing director, maintenance manager, finance manager, training manager, and HR manager, Regular senior(a) meetings this is to maintain consistency between each shift and ensure information is being passed between shifts and that both shifts are receiving the same information this can be organisational, changes to care, input or changes from professionals changes in support plans. Structures changes ensuring that all QA is being maintained ensuring that the cleanliness of the home ismaintained and is unplowed safe.2.2) Challenge discrimination and exclusion in policy and practise.Support plans- ensuring that all support pan reflect a person desires and wishes and are regularly monitored and challenge staff when record are not kept appropriately or followed correctly in line with the service users wishes and that there are no disobedient practises reflected in the care being given ensure that all support plan are written to reflect the persons dignity and that there wishes are respected at all times. Training- All staff complete training around discrimination and the effect this has on them as a staff member and how this is to be reflected in the care they give be providing to service users and give them the information to be able to challenge when practises are not followed or they suspect discrimination or abuse may be victorious place. Staff must then demonstrate there knowledge in there working practise which is monitored in the home and the training is updated yearly and this will also work alongside our organisational policy and procedures.Supervisions-all staff receives supervisions every 6-8 weeks or weekly and monthly if the need arises this is to monitor performance and challenge any bad practise and helping to work on resolving any concerns in performance this allows the manager to support the staff to set up a training programme and look at expanding on there knowledge also look at working towards progression in there role. Concerns and complaints policy- all staff are trained on concerns and complaints and will read and sign the complaints policy we also follow our policy by providing a complaints and concerns file and guidelines to follow when fashioning a complaint or raising a concern or supporting some with a compliment or a complaint if they so wish to make one this is without prejudice and is maintained with full moon co-operation and will be fully investigated and the person will be fully notified of any outcomes.team meetings-reminding staff in staff meetings slightly policy and practises and informing the team of any changes to practises reminding staff about the complements and complaints file reinforcing the importance of the policy and the whistle blowing policy and what as a manager I espect from each team member in there role to providing support from discrimination or conflict. Reminding the team about our no tolerance to discrimination andthat all service users, staff, visitor must be supported in a professional means in line with the policy and procedure and that this is monitored by managers and shift leaders and any concerns or complaint in this area will be taken very earnestly and will be dealt with following the policy which could lead to disciplinary action being taken against staff member if it is found that they are found to be involved. Appraisals- This is to monitor yearly progress of each support worker and offer a planned goal set for the following year to promote a persons abilities and training needs also to support progression in there role. the appraisal looks at the progression over the year looking at training and performance and encourage support on areas of weakness.2.3) providing others with information about* The effects of Discrimination* The impact of inclusion* The Value of DiversityStaff meetings Valuing People color paper Department of healthShift meetingsCare standards frame work human rights actJob DescriptionEquality ActPolicy and procedures attend users weekly house meetingsCQCstaff forum MeetingsInternet Managers meetingsGSCCservice users forumTraining local authority2.4) promote others to challenge discrimination and exclusionEnsuring through enlisting that no applicant or employee receives less(prenominal) favourable treatment on the grounds of someone race, ethnic origin, religion, nationality, disability, gender, sexuality or responsibility of dependence this is reflected through the organisation through vigorous recruitment and extract procedures training in policys, supervision and appraisal processesEnsuring good levels of abilities and strengths and dynamiques in staff teams while Promoting diversity amongst the team.Good clear staff theorize descriptions and working guidelinesRegular staff meeting and senior meeting to challenge a reas of concerns and offer support and encouragement to other senior staff.Quality assurance.The impact and ongoing follow-ups of all policy and procedure are monitored on a regular basis by our quality assurance manager who completes 6 monthly audits on all the homes with in the organisation to ensure that all areas of the standards are being met and are regularly reviewed and clear evidence and record are shown. as a quality assurance manager they are responsible to ensure that the company is regularly updating on the latest information from the government and local political science etc as a manager it is my responsibility to ensure they are implemented in to the home to maintain proud levels of health and safety and good practises and high levels of care are received in line with the care standards.Legislation and cay points Policy and Procedures Example of how policy and procedures are implemented in practise Example of How Compliance is monitored in the work place CARE STAN DARDS CARE ACT 1990 * Medications policy * Fire * Environmental health * Confidentiality * Health and safety * finances * Food hygienes * Compliments and complaints * Infection control * Staff conduct * Pcp * Cosh * Abuse * Of vulnerable adults * Human rights policy * determent and harassment * Compliment and complaints file abuse policy and risk assessment * Better food better business staff training * service user care plan * staff supervisions * music policy * service user meetings * staff meetings * service users guide * periodic training updates * monthly health and safety audits * Monthly quality assurance monitor * Service users meeting and menu planning * Supervisions recording of daily menu in care plan * periodic completion of better food better business file * Team meetings * Regulation meetings *Monthly service users audits * Monthly care plan audits * Monthly risk assessment audits * Monthly standardisation meetings * Monthly supervisions * Weekly medication audits * Weekly finance audits * Yearly service user health checks * Yearly service user reviews * Six monthly checks on hoisting facilities * Fire evacuations * Weekly vehicle checks HEATH AND SOCIAL CARE ACT 2008 * Medications policy * Fire * Environmental health * Confidentiality * Health and safety * Finances * Food hygienes * Compliments and complaints * Infection control * Staff conduct * Pcp * Cosh * Abuse * Of vulnerable adults* Human rights policy * Bullying and harassment * Compliment and complaints file abuse policy and risk assessment * Better food better business staff training * service user care plan * staff supervisions * medication policy * service user meetings staff meetings service users guide * Monthly training updates * Monthly health and safety audits * Monthly quality assurance monitoring * Service users meeting and menu planning * Supervisions recording of daily menu in care plan * Daily completion of better food better business file * Team meetings * Regulation 18 meetings * Monthly service users audits * Monthly care plan audits * Monthly risk assessment audits * Monthly standardisation meetings * Monthly supervisions * Weekly medication audits * Weekly finance audits * Yearly service user health checks * Yearly service user reviews * Six monthly checks on hoisting facilities * Fire evacuations * Weekly vehicle checks medication signing in and out of control medication * Monthly monitoring of risk INDERPENDENCE WELL BEING AND CHOICE 2005* Care standards act * Valuing people * advocacy * Health and safety * Finances * Abuse * Human rights * Advocacy * Pcp care plan * Individualised finance plans * Activity time table * Service users meetings * Transition reports * Risk assessments * Involved in recruitment and selection * Personalised bedrooms * Choice of GP * Yearly medical reviews * Yearly care reviews * Weekly finance audits * Monthly risk assessment and care plan reviews * service users questionnaires * Yearly medical reviews * Serv ice users meetings * Health and safety audits * Monthly quality assurance audits * Monthly service user reports * Staff training CODES OF film * Codesof conduct * Human rights * Record keeping * No secrets policy * health and safety * coshh * Drug and alcohol policy * discrimination * Confidentiality * Bullying and harassments * Recruitment and selection * Disciplinary * equal opportunity * Abuse * finances * Codes of conduct * Policy and procedures * Staff training * Supervisions * Induction * CRB * Staff references * Compliments and complaints * Statements of purpose * Risk assessments * Care plans* Team meetings * Red crier * Monthly supervisions of all staff * Staff 12 week induction * Recruitment and selection * CRB * Yearly policy order * Monthly staff file monitoring * Health and safety audit * Monthly quality assurance audits * Monthly training * Red crier training DEPRIVATION OF LIBERTY SAFEGUARDS * lack of independence * Human rights * Abuse of a vulnerable adult * He alth and safety * Whistle blowing policy * Confidentiality policy * Discrimination * Service users meetings * Choices of gender support * Pcp care plan * Mca assessments * Abuse risk assessments * Activity timetable foe each service user * Service users questionnaires * Advocacy * Policy and procedure * Staff training in personnel casualty of liberty and abuse of vulnerable adults * Incident accident reports * * Monthly audits on accident attendant reports * Monthly training and yearly updates for staff * Monthly reviews of all care plans and risk assessment* Policy and procedure revisited yearly * Monthly service users reports * Monthly health and safety audits * Advocacy * Yearly service user care reviews * Yearly health checks SUPPORTING PEOPLE * Advocacy * Pcp * Human rights * Deprivation of liberty * Compliments and complaints * Pcp care plan * Weekly service user meetings * Advocate * Compliment and complaints file * * Staff training in deprivation of liberty, human rig hts, pcp, complaints, safeguarding, * Monthly audits on abuse policy and service user risk assessments* Monthly care plan audits * Monthly meeting with advocates * Yearly service users reviews VALUING PEOPLE * Discrimination * Equality and diversity * Equal opportunities * Abuse of a vulnerable adult * Bullying and harassment * Human rights * Advocacy * Deprivation of liberty * Pcp care plan * Advocacy * Risk assessments and care plans around family and friends * Communication care plan * Pcp financefile * Key working meetings * Key working file and goals * Advocacy meetings * Monthly reviews of care plan and risk assessments * Staff training * Health and safety audits * Family contact * Service users meetings * Service users and family and friends questionnaires * Monthly key working meetings 3.) Understand how to develop systems and processes that promote diversity, equality and inclusion 3.1) Analyse how systems and processes can promote quality and inclusion or reward discrimi nation and exclusion * Using relevant legislation ant discriminatory practice to combat Racism, -Help to provide and implement policy and procedure by following legislation provided by government and cqc* Ageism-as an organisation we can monitor this by providing a policy and awaness amongst the staff team and ensure our own practises reflect this by ensuring a robust recruitment process that promotes the policys* Sexism-the organisation will combat this by providing a robust policy and reflect this in our practises and processes with regular monitoring and providing good systems to challenge sexism with in the company.* In-house policies-all in house policies will be written and implemented with a no tolerance to discrimination with in the organisation with clear procedure to combat any discrimination that may be suffered by a vigorous complaint and whistle blowing procedure , all staff will work and follow all guidelines set out, training will provided with yearly updates* Codes o f practice- support organisations to provide clear working guidelines for staff to prevent discrimination and providing quality care while ensuring that all staff and service users are supported in a diverse environment and are respected and provided with full support in an environment that is of benefit to there support and needs and promotes there wishes and desires without discrimination and all information and care is supplied in a confidential manner in line with the data protection act.* Audit of practice-As the manager I am responsible to ensure that all care is monitored and the quality of care and service provided is to a high standard in line with care standards. and this is monitored regularly by revaluating policy and procedure updating information in line with care standards 6 monthly visits from quality assurance manager who will look through everything and evaluate against cqc requirements to ensure we are covering all areas. If we be then we are given a percentage i f we are not fully compliant we are given dates to ensure that this is completed then revisited by QA manager.* Staff appraisals- This is to monitor yearly progress of each support worker and offer a planned goal set for the following year to promote a persons abilities and training needs also to support progression in there role. the appraisal looks at the progression over the year looking at training and performance and encourage support on areas of weakness.* Client/family questionnaire actions from questionnaire results yearly questionnaires are sent out to families to monitor the quality of the care provided .service users also are supported to complete this questionnaire also a questionnaire about the menu and choices available ect once the questionnaires are gather as the manager I will look at any areas that require actions or areas that may be of concerns and look at rectifying this staff are also given a questionnaire to look at what support is provided and how we can mak e changes to provide better support to staff.* Sharing good practice and partnership working- communicating clearly with other managers and homes and sharing ideas. proving support to outside agencies providing information working tom consistent plans when supporting service users this can be done during managers meeting, QA visits etc professional meetings friends an family visits.3.2) evaluate the effectiveness of systems and processes in promoting equality and diversity and inclusion in own area of responsibility. * Specific improvements to individual Service Users/staff monitoring through team meeting and supervisions, reviews* Health- this can be monitored through regular heath checks and monthly service users reports staff meetings and supervisions, service users meeting and key working meetings. care plan reviewing* Self esteem-evaluating changes to service users moods and input in to involvement and challenge this look at this with gp as could be medical set some goals have a review meeting with care manager and possible advocacy maybe an agreement to how the service users is involved and participates.* Self-concept-this can be monitor through questionnaires and family questionnaires , family communication, service users meeting, key working meeting* Staff happiness and productivity- this is monitored through evaluating paper work and structure with in the home. Supervision, appraisals questionnaires , sickness levels and staff moral* Timescales-are monitored through regular meetings and supervision to monitor progress* Effective communication of others- checking that the system in place are being used correctly and that staff are following guidelines set out reviewing this through team meetings and supervision monitoring performance of individuals etc* Evaluations and use of for reforms in processes and systems- regular monitoring and evaluating team meeting getting staff on board with system monitoring to ensure that they are working and that staff a re finding them useful tools or reviewing the way they are used3.3) drive improvement to address gaps or shortfalls in systems and processes. As a manager I am responsible for monitoring and fashioning changes in areas that require changes in the care we are supporting, I do this by evaluating weekly monthly and arranging meetings encourage staff involvementensuring any shortfall mare address to a timescale and making sure that the team are involved to make it productive * Plans* Team meeting* Roles and responsibilities* Timescales* Audit policy reform* Allocation of resources4.) Be able to manage the risks presented when balancing individuals rights and professional duty of care.4.1) Describe ethical dilemmas that may arise in own area of responsibility when balancing individual rights and duty of care. As the manager I have the responsibility and duty of care to ensure the service users are receiving good quality care in line with the care standards while promoting independence and PCP, I am also responsible for positively representing Dolphin homes and I do this by ensuring that all staff , visitors and service users are fully supported in a positive manner in line with care standards and staff are provided with guidelines and policy and procedures that maintains there safety and the safety of the service users and home while promoting individuality, friendly supportive environment and offer guidance freedom of speech and offer support to staff to grow in there role and promote progression .Providing and supporting staff with training ensure all staff receive 6-8 weekly supervisions and yearly appraisals often there are areas of conflict but as a manager I have to manage this in a professional manner that is non detrimental to the service users and staff where possible. to a lower place are areas where this can happen and the impotence of following policy and procedure available and regular monitoring?* Confidentiality versus apocalypse* Protection issu es relating to individuals and to communities * Sharing data between professionals* Conflicts between principles of good practice and the values of others this can be very apparent where families are heavily involved in therechilds care * Rights and responsibilities of users of the service versus care workers and others * Challenging behaviour* Conflict* Facilitator* Advocate* Advisor* Counsellor* Mentor* Personal values and beliefs* Legal responsibilities4.2) explained the principles of informed choice.Is that everyone has the opportunity to make choices that will effect them as a manager it is very important that all service users are given this opportunity to do this in a form of communication that they understand. And judgment should not be considered informed choices must be proven to be provided where possible and be non conflicting from other individual unless proven to be in the best pastime of the service users however evidence should support this. Below is a list of peopl e who may be involved in making choices and what is considered when making choices and how the choices will be implemented .* Professional* Family* Individual* The senile* Enabling environment* Supporting others to make informed choices about the services they receive making an informed choice * Implementing an informed choice* Decision making for both short term and long term* Culture* Values* Views* Unbiased information* Evidence-based information* Options4.3) Explain how issues of individuals capacity may affect informed choice.Below is a list of concerns that may contribute to the capacity of an individual around making informed choices and how this would be considered. This is done in the best interest of the person and is without prejudice.* Physical health* Mental health* The law* Social class* Culture* Religion* Age* Ability* Gender* Location* Family support* Carer support* Social mobility* Communication and interpersonal skills* Education* Financial situation* Criminal bac kground* Social Background4.4) propose a strategy to manage risks when balancing individuals rights and duty of care in own area of responsibility As the manager it is my responsibility to ensure that in the interest of the service users choices are considered in the interest of the individual and that this process in only followed once the following have been assessed first, this provides evidence that the person has been fully supported in all areas by the home before decision are made* Risk assessment* Appropriate procedures* Action plans* Team meetings* Monitoring and review* Relevant legislation* Roles and responsibilities* Partnership working to include family and friends* Staff job description* Quarterly questionnaires* Compliments and complaints* Staff forum meetings* Monthly service users meetings* Training* Policy and procedures* Supervision* Appraisals* Service users reviews* PCP Meetings* Health Review* Advocacy

Inoculating with Autism

Hearing that your child is autistic, is matchless of the most heart wrenching experiences a p bent can face. After significant research, I was disgusted when wholly fingers pointed to vaccines as the culprit. Is it just a coincidence that autism greatly increased when the Center for Disease Control introduced additions to the recommended vaccination program for infants in 1988? In the 1980s, autism rates were unaccompanied six in ten thousand children. Currently, the autism rate is an alarming one in eighty eight children. So, roughly one million Americans atomic number 18 directly suffering from autism.Over twenty-four years the amount of vaccines children receive grew from less than ten vaccines to about fifty vaccines. It is not just a coincidence that as the amount of vaccines increased so did the amount of autistic children. As the autism crisis worsens, more and more p bents are questioning and grasping the realizations surrounding the negative effects that vaccines are ha ving on our childrens developing immune systems. In many cases, parents should not allow vaccines to be administered to their children.The perfect example of why parents should not vaccinate their children is the story of Valentino Bocca from Italy. Valentino was granted the MMR vaccine when he was fifteen months old in 2004. Valentinos family says that right after receiving the vaccine he started to show signs of serious discomfort. Consequently, Valentinos family decided to act and took the case to court. settle and the Italian Health Ministry determined that the vaccine did cause the autism after new evidence was presented. Moreover, the Valentino case is not the first case where children have been damaged by vaccines.Actually, the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program has paid over two billion dollars to families damaged by vaccines. This story of Valentino was a result of just one vaccine. A normal child in the first six months of life receives as many as nineteen vaccines. The fact is the more vaccines children receive centre more of a find of autism. As a parent, you have the right to choose whether or not to vaccinate your child. Some may argue vaccinations are safe and even one of the greatest health developments of the twentieth century.Moreover, both(prenominal) research may say that autism and vaccines are not linked at all. It is accepted that immunizations have protected millions of kids from potentially deadly diseases. Also, that the vaccines probably saved thousands of lives over the years. Proponents of vaccinations argue that the health benefits can outweigh the risks. In addition, some believe that without immunizations at that place is greater risk of catching some preventable diseases. Also, it is believed that a child who is not immunized could be susceptible to dangerous and deadly diseases.Furthermore, fighting some of these diseases can be painful, taxing on the body, include mandatory isolation, and be expensive. It is now commo n realizeledge that autism is a catastrophic epidemic. In addition, we now know that the primary cause of autism stems from vaccines. There is substantial evidence that the vaccines are brimming with toxins according to fact sheets by the Centers for Disease Control and the Food and Drug Administration. The toxins that are in the vaccines we are injecting into our young children include dozens of chemicals, heavy metals and allergens.In addition, they include several other repulsing ingredients, such as monkey kidney cells and aborted fetal tissue. American children are now the most vaccinated population in the world. However, instead of macrocosm the most healthiest, we have the highest statistics of children suffering from autism. Our children do not need to be inject4ed with toxins and aborted fetal tissue, they are born with their mothers immunities. Most childrens immune systems can deal with most infections naturally.The vaccines themselves cause the body to be in an unnatur al state and set you up for major disease. Overall, the possible side effects of vaccination, mainly autism, are just not worth the risk of being safeguarding. Every year more and more children are being diagnosed with autism. There are so many anguished parents who have had to watch their children completely atavism after receiving a vaccine. When one listens to these parents, it is hard to not think that where there is smoke there may be fire. All parents should be doubting the recourse and effectiveness of vaccines.Parents must keep in mind that a significant amount of the research that is being done about autism and vaccines is by the drug companies themselves. With so many vaccines being forced upon our children, healthy skepticism could go a long way toward raising a vibrant healthy child. By not vaccinating your children, it simply means that you are an informed and caring parent with healthy kids that do not need to rely on high risk medicines. Ultimately, it is you that i s in charge of your childs health. Remember, educate before you vaccinate.

Everything

Name Submittal Date Course Number and Section Week 6 trip Study Questions 1. ) Using the details of the suit of clothes study, identify the stages a beginning, middle, end, and an aftermath of the conflict process that Edward and Elizabeth went through. The beginning was when Laura texted Edward fundament and he thought she was upset. The middle was when Edward texted her back upset about her response. The end was when they argued at home of dumb stuff even though the argument was for no reason. The aftermath is now they are both(prenominal) mad at each other. 2. ) What is the disinhibition effect and how did it play a role in the case study? The disinhibtion effect is the loss of inhibitions when interacting with someone online that leads to the tendency to come forward the conflict. They werent watching how they were emailing so it seemed rude when she emailed it even though she didnt mean to. 3. ) Discuss at least three strategies to alleviate online conflict, be it from tex ting, IMing, or emailing? How could have Edward and Elizabeth employed these strategies to avoid their conflict?There strategies to alleviate online conflict are too breath, plan your message dont text factual quick ca use you office regret what you send. Avoid personal attach, name calling and emotional overstatement. A nonher would be too be sure you compulsion to express your anger, some propagation its not worth the fight. Edward definitely should have breathed and made sure if he wanted to express his anger. 4. ) Often times we hold back our true feelings with a spouse or significant other because we assume the issue is trivial and not turning into a conflict.But how might not sharing your feelings with a spouse or significant other have a long-term effect on your relationship? Use specifics from the case study to admit your answer. The long term effect is you start to resent your partner because you never express that he upset you. So when you finally do argue you bring up all that pushed back feelings and explode. Thus causing a much worse fight. In the case study I chose for him to demonstrate her so there wasnt really any held in emotion. 5. ) What are some of the skills and strategies used to maintain and escalate a close relationship?How could Edward and Elizabeth use these skills to overcome the issue they have with their electronically-mediated communication? Some of the skills to maintain a close relationship are to express emotions, provide comfort and social support engage in relationship talk, be tolerant and show restraint, and manage conflict cooperatively. They could express emotion using emoticons. Definitely show restraint and not text immediately when thinking someone is upset. Always see first if they upset before attacking them saying why are they mad and such.

Evaluate what psychologists have discovered about substance use and abuse Essay

In discovering about substance use and abuse one trend encountered are the inevitable ethical issues that occur. In Mestel and Concars champaign for example, sensitive data was collected. Sharing this sensitive data wit hthe researchers whitethorn have caused participants unnecessary anxiety or embarrassment if for example the water test showed that they had used cocaine. This inevitably leads to ethical issues due to the unpleasant emotions participants may have been subjected to.Similarly in Robinson et als study, participants may have experienced unpleasant emotions such as embarrassment and ill ease as a result of the personal nature of the questions asked. From the two studies we can see that ethics is often a factor when exploring the issue of substance use and abuse however substance abuse is, by definition, against social expectations and consequently is always apparent to incur ethical dilemmas when researchers attempt to discover substance use and abuse. Another diffic ulty incurred when attempting to explore substance use and abuse is social sex appeal.Social desirability is the term given to the situation in which people give answers that are contrary or different to their beliefs because their alternative answer is more socially acceptable. In Moolchan et als study for example personal data was collected and in order to present themselves in abetter light people may have lied when giving their answer responding by saying that their parent didnt smoke when in fact they did for example. Similarly in Landos study baseline data was collected by asking participants to keep a diary detailing their smoking for one week.Participants may have recorded dishonorable information because they felt this false information would be more socially acceptable. Social desirability can lead to results which are invalid and resultantly lead to a lack of validity as the study will not record peoples true response. Another difficulty in discovering substance use an d abuse is the issue of generalisability. Generalisability is the term used to define the extent to which results from one sample of participants can be applied to wider groups.In Griffiths study for example the pass offings may not be able to generalised to a country such as Australia as the sample used was not representative. Similarly Murrays study conducted in 1988 had a sample which was exclusively composed of adolescents and consequently it could not be applied to the wider population. In reality however a study is likely to never be truly representative to a global extent and in doing so such a diverse sample may make it hard for displace results to be distinguished due to cultural contraventions.Research into substance use and abuse may also incur the difficulty of ethnocentric bias. This is the tendency to savvy the world from you own cultural group, such as your wthnic group. The issue of ethnocentric bias can be seen in Gomels study. Gomel looked at a body of work in which smoking had been banned and how this related to the reduction in substance use (smoking). The study can be een to be ethnocentrically biased because it was conducted in one workplace in Australia.Ethnocentric bias can result in research that is not applicable to the larger population as the results from this study may not be found to be the same if it was conducted in Australia for example. c) Many people resolve to give up smoking each new year. With middle venerable women specifically in mind suggest one psychological technique which would be useful to help them in their attempts to tolerate smoking. Give reasons for your answer. In attempting to stop smoking one technique which may be useful is the use of self help groups.Self help groups are support circles where each section is also attempting to quit smoking. As Moolchan discovered in his study, women who smoke are likely to be socially skilled and confident and so may find a group therapy useful where they can suppo rt and gain support from other women in the group who are in a socially quasi(prenominal) position to themselves. Group therapy may also be effective in helping a middle aged woman quit smoking as she may make friends with people in the group and thus turn to them for support as she would turn to a friend outside of the group.The clear difference however would be that the person in the group would be going through the same experience as the middle aged woman and so would be able to identify with her. Those in the support group may also acknowledge an element of competition each one wanting to get over to stop smoking so they remain in the group. For this variety of reasons a support group is likely to be the most effective strategy in supporting a middle aged woman who is giving up smoking.

Duality in “The Odyssey” Essay

Odysseus exhibits a certain duality in his nature that defines his persona and controls his actions. In Book Nine of The Odyssey, both oppositional sides of Odysseus are poignantly illustrated the tactful, crafty leader who uses reason, and the rash warrior in search of home and glory who acts impulsively. From the opening scene, Odysseus uses his cunning and prayer to win the respect and honor of the Phaeacians and their king, Alcinous. This is shown when he states, What a fine thing this is, to listen to such a bard/as we have herethe public sings like a god./The crown of life, Id say Clearly, Odysseus is trying to flatter and win the favor of his hosts in order to secure their help for passage to his beloved Ithaca. In order to impress them further, Odysseus declares that he is known to the world/for every kind of craftmy fame has reached the skies (21-22). Odysseus creates an image of being an incredibly strong leader. However, for a man of outstanding ingenuity, Odysseus make s several imprudent mis proposes.Among the gravest of his faults is acting without caution. Upon sighting the land of the Cyclops, Odysseus feels a sense of foreboding in the upcoming events. He states that he knew that hed soon come up against/some giant clad in power like armor-plate/a savage deaf to justice, blind to law (238-240). Although he gets this feeling, he acts without reason. However, he irrationally leads his men into the cave of the Cyclops anyway. As a result, Odysseus led some of his men to a horrendous death. Long after the Cyclops is utterly defeated, Odysseus taunts Polyphemus.Odysseus allows his vanity to surpass his wisdom and ridicules the blinded giant thereby, jeopardizing the lives of his entire crew when the Cyclops hurls a boulder at his boat. Odysseus could not stop there he had to take the credit for Polyphemus defeat and shouts his true identity, contrary to his mens pleadings. He had previously instigated the monster, who in turn, could now seek reve nge upon him. These instances depict how Odysseus rash behavior overtakes his wiliness.BibliographyThe Odyssey by mark

This Is Water Reaction

exposition and reaction to David Foster Wallaces This is Water This speech was clear and direct to the point, especially both parables David told. He did not force his ideas he merely explained his realizations and suggested actions. It is how he said it though, that made me want to listen to him more. I sthrongly agree with the suggestion of taking the spotlight away from ourselves and our misfortunes and pointing it towards other things and people we encounter. Some people are really egocentric to care about others and their problems (which are probably worse than theirs).This type of self-centred persuasion affects our mood in a way where it may dampen our happiness. His speech raised my awareness on the arrogance of some people, and of mine too at times. He talked about learning to think, learning to keep what you think. I feel that that is a step close to being a more positive and riant person. If you submit yourself to negativity, it go out ruin you. We have choices its ju st a matter of making the secure one not only for you but for everyone involved.What struck me the most was what he called the Capital T justness which is what matters life before death. His message was to not stick to a routine just because you are afraid(predicate) of change. Do not be dull, be alive. The major lesson I took from his speech was to enjoy every feel life offers us to make the most of our lives instead of living in the fast lane which will cause us to forget what and how things happened. Our lives are limited and so we shouldnt make the least of it by worrying about mishaps and troubles. If we do, then that is truly a life wasted.

Recovery Group Field Trip and Paper Essay

I nameed a local Narcotics Anonymous meeting held at the Salvation Army building in my hometown. Upon entering the meeting room, the few people that were in the room did say hello to me, however, no adept asked me why I was in that respect. I was left alone to choose my seat wondering what was next. Eventu wholey, a old man entered the room. I soon intentional that he was running the meeting. He asked if it was my first time there. I told him that it was and before I could explain my presence I was handed several brochures and asked to read a laminated saddlery when called upon. He quickly move on with his meeting set-up duties. So, being a bit nervous, I chose to hinge upon quietly and review the materials disposed to me. As others entered the room, I noticed that many were in probably in their twenties and then some in their thirties, forties, and beyond. Some were well dressed and others poorly dressed, coming from all walks of life.There were more men in attendance tha n women. It was obvious that many of them knew one another as they were having conversations. Some brought their small children probably not having babysitters or able to afford one. Once the meeting started, it moved along according to an agenda. Others had been given materials to read as I had. As people were called upon to read what was given to them, I realized that these materials were read at e precise meeting as they all seemed to sop up them memorized and recited along with the reader or when the reader came to certain parts of the reading, they had a response. Once the Who is an Addict? and, What is the Narcotics Anonymous course of instruction were read then everyone introduced themselves by first name only Hello, my name is _______ and I am an addict. The company responded with, Hello, ________. Following this, members read Why are We Here?, How it Works, The Twelve Traditions of NA (my reading).At this point in the meeting, the leader asked for volunteers toshare the ir recovery stories. I was then asked to share my story. This is where I explained that I regularly attend Al-Anon meetings and was attending the Narcotics Anonymous meeting for a school project and apologized for the confusion. Everyone was still very receptive to my presence. It was up to now explained to me that it is suggested that those attending Al-Anon attend an Alcoholics or Narcotics Anonymous meeting at least once. After all stories were shared, announcements make and chips given out for benchmark of sobriety, the group formed a circle holding hands and recited the peaceableness Prayer together to end the meeting. Two things that I felt were effective about the meeting were the readings and the share of stories. The memorization of the readings told me that those members attend regularly and take their recovery seriously.The other thing that I felt was effective, and more or less significant, was hearing about each persons addiction, struggles, failures, and successes about their recovery and the advice they had to share. It was very moving. It helped to relate to and conk out understand my boyfriends addiction to drugs and alcohol. It was also comforting to have confirmed that the addict or those close to the addict who are affected are not alone in this disease. Some admitted that they were there because it was court ordered, which was quite a few. I could definitely tell those who were there and took their recovery seriously versus those who were there because they had to be and did not take their recovery seriously. I honestly did not find anything that was counterproductive or ineffective about the meeting. I thought it was run well and efficiently.I do think though that the leader should take a bit more time to speak to someone who is a neophyte and find out if they are there as an addict, visitor, etc. and not assume that they are there because they are an addict. As I stated previously, I found the meeting to be very moving. It was very helpful for me to be able to hear all those different stories about how people became addicted, came to realize that they contend help, how they are working their Twelve Step Program, keep their families together, take care of their kids, and how they are trying to exit each day by working their program.I cannot really say that I was surprised by anything that I heard in that room. It has impacted my view of those with addictions by learning to better understand them and not be so quick to judge them and ask why they cannot stop. As I have learned from my boyfriends recovery, from attending theNarcotics Anonymous meeting, and attending my own Al-Anon meetings, it is not that simple. I definitely have more patience and compassion for people who suffer from addictions.

The Influence of Roman Engineering and Architecture

The ingeniousness and beauty of roman print architecture has not been lost on us in the 2000 years since it was build. Even today, we settle down marvel at what incredible builders the Romans were, and at the sheer scale and one of many of their projects. It is hard to argue that todays architecture will aver the said(prenominal) steadfast grandeur as that which the Romans create. If we endure still respect and admire the grandeur of capital of Italy as it was in its day, one can merely see how much of an solve people of the time felt, overdue to the incredible innovations that the Romans brought to the new regions of their empire.In fact, it is because of the superior engineering skills and architectural moods possessed by the Romans, and respected by others, that allowed them to conquer, influence and rule much(prenominal)(prenominal) a vast area of the world, for such an extended period of time. Citizens of regions conquered by Rome were the beneficiaries of Roman innovations such as a (public) tonic water supply, bridge over previously impassable rivers, roads linking all parts of the empire (especially to the capital) and incredible public buildings homogeneous the fabrications and baths.They were more easily persuaded into betrothal once the Romans arrived when they saw or heard of these innovations which they realized could have such a huge and in force(p) impact on their lifestyles. The first thing the Romans did upon entering a new region, after winning the war farthermoste that gained them their new territory, was construct roads and bridges. This was the best way to Romanize the new areas, as it permitted easier communication mingled with the colony and the mother country.The roads all led to the capital, which solidified its position as the centre of power, and withal allowed the rulers easier and faster access to the colonies when necessary. It has been said that at the peak of Romes power, one could blend in from the Englis h Channel all the way to Rome without ever fording a stream, simply because the Romans had built so many bridges to link its colonies. As the Romans were the first to master bridge building on such a large scale, they had a huge influence on the people in even the almost remote regions. Places that had been impassible could suddenly be crossed by bridge.The bridges were a commanding presence on the landscape as well, easily conveying the sense of who was in power and influencing the people of the region. The Puente Alcantara in Spain can perhaps best show the expansive influence that the Romans held through their bridges, (Images 1 and 2). Built in AD100 and still standing today, Puente Alcantara reaches 164 feet at its highest point, is 600 feet spacious and has spans of 92 to 98 feet wide. Such an example of architecture so far from the centre of power is a lasting monument to the influential power once held by the Romans. good deal were worn into conformity when they saw the su perior skills of the Romans, who as well as perfected pile driving for the construction of bridges and built each bridge arch as self-supporting to avoid damage to the entire structure if scarcely one portion was damaged. The Roman use of the arch itself, which had never been used to such a corking extent before, is itself the main reason they were able to build the huge and influential structures that they were. The use of the arch was of physique not limited to bridges it was common in all Roman architecture of the time.The next major(ip) use for it in the new colonies, however, was in the construction of a water supply transcriptionthe system of Roman aqueducts. Rome already had an extensive system of aqueducts to supply the city with fresh water, and the Romans used the same system in other regions to civilize the barbarian tribes they had just subdued. Such a system was unhearable of in other civilizations. The Romans were a truly sanitary and hygienic people to whom fre sh water was very important. The new colonies had never been concerned about such sanitation.The Romans, however, were able to bring fresh water to the towns from long distances away by carrying it through tunnels and over valleys with their towering aqueducts. This water was then used for the public baths and toilets, as well as the expected drinking water. The fact that this water was for the public, and not reserved for private use, pleased people in the new colonies even more, and made them even more accepting of Roman control. The actual aqueducts themselves, built by the Romans to carry the water, were perhaps even more influential.Aqueducts like Pont du Gard at Nimes (Images 3 and 4), or Segovia in Spain (Image 5), the latter(prenominal) of which still carries water today, were monumental landmarks in the colonies where they were built and still are today. That the Romans would build such splendiferous and monumental structures for the sole purpose of supplying water to its colonies was likely overwhelming to those benefiting from it. So the Romans supplied the towns with water, and made travel between towns easier. But what about improving life within the town itself?It is in the public buildings such as the bath, the forum and the amphitheater, which people used and experienced daily, where Rome was able to exert its greatest influence. The fact that these buildings were open to all and not reserved for an elitist group of society only increased their significance. It is arguable that the profuseness of the baths has yet to be surpassed in any public building since. These were huge, lavishly ornamented structures where citizens would go not only to bathe, but in addition for sports, club-life and exhibitions of art.The baths acted as a community centre, uniting citizens in the towns in which they were located. There was also the Roman invention of the forum, todays equivalent of which would be city hall, the law courts, a securities industry and a church all combined in a single structure. It was a novel idea that one could go to a single building at the centre of town and find everything they needed. People were also allowed open discussion here and were able to publicly voice their opinions and socialize with fellow citizens.However, the forums accessibility and openness should not hide the fact that it was used by the Romans as a control centre, where legislative duties for the town were carried out, giving Rome further influence over the citizens. The amphitheaters cannot be forgotten, as they were used by the Romans to please and placate people through the presentation of spectacles. Their architectural grandeur was also influential, however, as they were usually four stories tall, could be covered by a canopy, and were the size of two theatres plant together.The Romans didnt build the public buildings just for their own good, they were used to show whos boss and make unnecessary people appeased. These buildings were superior to anything else that had been or was being built, which helped Rome keep the territory it had conquered. It is still difficult to gripe that the Romans were able to create an empire as vast and as powerful as they did. Lasting several(prenominal) centuries and covering Europe, Asia Minor and Northern Africa and even overtaking their historical enemies the Greeks, their empire was of a magnitude that has been unsurpassed but often dreamed. When we look back at how they chieved such widespread influence there is no doubt that the principal factor in their achievements was due to their superior skills in architecture and engineering of the day. They brought fresh clean water to the towns and cities they conquered using the aqueducts which are still inspiring and influential monuments today. We can only imagine the significance they held 2000 years ago. As Frontius said of the aqueducts, they are a signal testimony to the immenseness of the Roman Empire. The water brought by the aqueducts was then distributed to the public and used in even more magnificent structures like the baths.How could people not be influenced by such great inventions as these and the forum and the amphitheater, which were used by the Romans not only to please the people but also to help maintain power? The Romans built bridges and roads to link their new colonies and built them so they were a lasting and powerful presence. These bridges were not just a show of power in their grandeur, but were also used by the Romans as quick access to the colonies they needed to keep under control. People of the world were not approximately as advanced in terms of the engineering ability of the Romans, and were persuaded to accept Roman rule.They respected and respect the Romans superior abilities and innovations and were therefore easier to conquer and less likely to revolt, allowing the Romans to expand their empire and maintain their influence for such a long time. The Romans no doubt i mproved their quality of life upon subjugation them, and it is hard not to accept a new ruling class if such improvements are occurring. The greatness of the Roman Empire as it was is a direct result of the fact that they were such superior engineers and architects.

El Norte Essay

Gregory Navas El Norte de anded in the Telluride Film Festival in 1983 and presents the challenges and realities of migration and multiculturalism. Though the films settings ar not tenacious with todays scenarios, it is still an important work because it provides and periodical anthology of the migrator issues as well as a background to todays multicultural issues. A study of the film reveals not scarcely the developments in the perceptions regarding immigration but also the development of niche cultural groups from the perspective of both(prenominal) current and adoptive societies.Moreover, El Norte suggests that cultural biases exist in various levels of society even in on the face of it homogenous onenesss and that cultural disambiguation creates fond vulnerabilities. Therefore, the movie can provide valuable insights on how multicultural psychological science develops and changes in different settings. In turn, the insights that can be developed can help address the issu es go ab turn out by the Xuncax family, dampenicularly by the genus genus Rosa and Enrique in their quest to find their way and to establish a new support in the United States.In all three parts of the movie, cultural differences endure a dominant issue. Tackled closely with social issues, the films view is that culture is both a writer of strength and a bane for the siblings. At the same time, the change in both Rosa and Enriques view of their experience and their prospects undergoes a metamorphosis that challenges them to find their pip in the social schema. Immigrants or Refugees One of the major issues that are being explored in the movie is regarding the status of Rosa and Enrique as migrant or refugees.This issue is one that has become an interest in consideration of the political and economic persecution that became preponderant in autocratic and militarists governments in South America. Many countries, in the interest of controlling the influx of multinational establ ished qualifications that can be considered as refugees, eligible for sanctuary and those that are to be considered as migrants. The world-wide consensus seemed to be that political persecution was to be the basis for refugee status while migrants were associated with economic motivations.Furthermore, the status of immigrants requires legality where eligibility is found on an individuals productive capacity. In the case of the main characters of the movie, they started out more as refugees. The circumstances that motivated them to leave Guatemala were because of persecution against indios their motivation was clearly not economic in nature. Rather, it was because of fear against threats against their life due to their ethnicity. At the same time, one classifies the siblings as refugees because they are not given the choice of staying or going back to Guatemala or to seek the nurtureion of their government.However, they are not given this status but does not all fulfill the tenan ts of being considered as immigrants recognized by the United States. Considering these, Rosa and Enrique are to be considered as immigrants, however it should be noted that their lack of legal status makes such a classification problematic as well. In more contemporary terms, they are to be considered as extralegal migrants, neither of their own rural area or the one they are currently in. Challenges and ImplicationsIt is understandable that there is reluctance to consider them as refugees since such a status, under the international charters, makes them eligible not only for foyer in the United States but also makes them eligible for social assistance and placement. In contrast, immigrants are managed by the conditions of their migration or residence programs and there is greater leeway for their ejection when they are proven to be unfertile or detrimental to society. Thus, Rosa and Enrique can only turn to illegal means of entering the country as illustrated by their associa tion with a coyote who smuggles them into the country.Though this bypasses the bureaucracy needed to gain both refugee and immigrant status, it also has left them vulnerable to abuse since they can not seek legal or discriminative intervention if they need to. Furthermore, since they already entered the country illegally, the drive home burned their bridges in gaining legal credit rating in the country. The siblings both offer perspectives on the institutions that migrants have to deal with. Rosas perspective is that their expedition north has only led them from death to greater poverty and questioning if they have a place anywhere in the world except in death.Enrique reflects the sentiment that he is considered simply a ingredient of production, a strong arm, gaining no greater value than livestock or equipment. In either case, the siblings show that they see themselves apart from society, excluded by their circumstance and history. Acculturation Though the associates of the s iblings are generally bound to their own community of migrants, this is not to suggest that they do not make an effort to become part of the general society. However, their efforts are often deterred by cultural and social preconceptions that box them into their roles as illegal immigrants.At the same time, they were being challenged to adjust to their roles within their won community as many of the racism they approach against their indigenous heritage in Guatemala persisted. The irony is that they heritage that they are being persecuted form is also the source of the philosophical perspective that give them the will to survive and bear the conditions and challenges of their journey north. The siblings peg all of their social interactions from their observations as well as each others perspectives.The issue of turning back from ones cultural heritage is an underlying theme of the story since from the very beginning, perceived cultural inferiorities were the crux of the challenge s faced by Rosa and Enriques family. Thus, within the socially excluded community they are categorized in by mainstream society they remain outsiders. It is then apparent from the observations and interactions of the siblings that their acculturation is always from and externalists perspective. Therefore, as Rosa and Enrique tried to adjust to their circumstance, there seems to be an acceptance that they will neither be able to be part of their community.Immigration Policies and El Norte The conjecture that the illegal immigrant trade is one that is protected and even further is a perspective that is presented in the story. Illegal immigrants provide cheap labor, a blanket against social gage requirements and a labor supply for jobs that are unwanted jobs. At the same time, immigrants are able to have livelihoods that allow them to subsist as they try to gain the tenure they need to apply for legitimacy. However, there is trust to Enriques sentiment that such a scenario has left them in a continued disadvantage.He points out that their situation has left them not only economically, socially or politically disadvantaged but also has made him question his worth as an individual and cultural heritage. The United States remains to be the pet country for migration and there is still a great need for migrants particularly to sustain labor forces in jobs that are considered blue-collar in nature, However, the reality is that the country is already facing high unemployment among its citizens and there is a slow down of the economy.Thus, the need to control migration is also justified, if not necessary. At the same time, the persistence of ethnicity or culture as a bias still persists despite the establishment of political institutions that are to protect social diversity. The reality is that the issue is not so much regarding migration but the lack of viable opportunities and the inequitable distribution of wealth within nations and internationally.

Ethical dilemma Essay

In the follo make headwayg, estimable quandary has been discussed and identified from the given case study. The background for the ethical dilemma has been explained. How the consultant has handled the incident of ethical dilemma and how a learner would have handled it differently, has been given below. ? Ethical Dilemma Ethical dilemmas, also known as a moral dilemmas, argon situations in which there are two prime(prenominal)s to be made, neither of which resolves the situation in an ethically acceptable fashion. In such cases, societal and personal ethical guidelines can deliver the crackings no satisfactory outcome or the chooser. Ethical dilemmas assume that the chooser will abide by societal norms, such as codes of law or religious teachings, in order to make the choice ethically impossible. In the given case study, Kindred Todd is also in a situation which is an ethical dilemma. She had just finished her master degree and got a very company to join in. But she did non re alize that she had been introduced as an expert on CQI to the potential clients which she discovers by the end of the meeting with the potential clients.She discussed with her node astir(predicate) the need of the CQI expert but he did not give it an importance and indirectly pushed her to do what the company says. She has now a conflict between her own values(may be religious) which insist her on quitting the hire out and her personal materialistic needs which do not allow to leave such a good company for her career. Background for Ethical Dilemma In a perfect world, businesses and their employees would always do the castigate thing. Unfortunately, in the real world, ethical dilemmas are a common occurrence in the orkplace.According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary, dilemmas are situations or problems where a person has to make a difficult choice an ethical dilemma is a problem where a person has to choose between a moral and an immoral act. Employees must demand with pressur es to perform and serving the company succeed as well as personal temptations to take the aristocratic way out. In the end, workers will likely face many dilemmas in their careers companies should provide training and entropy to assist them in making the right decision. in that location are many reasons which make the background or the reasons for the ethical dilemma. Employees in organizations belowgo in such a situation when they are sometimes under the pressure from management . When they are particularly asked to do something which is un ethical but it goes in the companys favor. In some cases, some employees become quite ambitious and want to succeed in their conduct at any cost without considering the concept of being ethical or un-ethical. They just do what akes them towards promotions or higher career.Though diversity is an important part of business, some people may not be comfortable with people from different backgrounds and possibly be reluctant to treat them fairl y. This kind of discrimination is not only un ethical but illegal and still remains common. Negotiators may also try to present their way to a good deal.While this is illegal in the U. S. , it still sometimes happens in opposite nations, it is more common, and sometimes even expected, which can put negotiators in a difficult position. This means in organizations negotiating tactics are sometimes also the cause of ethical dilemma. ? How the Consultant Handled the Situation from Ethic position Point The consultant raised an objection before the president of the company instead of remaining uiet on the issue that why she had been introduced wrongly as a CQI expert.Moreover, she passed on the exact evaluation of her meeting about the potential clients and stress on the need of an CQI expert in order to deal with the clients. At least, in order to secure the job, she did not pretend that she can do anything they want. The best part was that she did her best to help the clients in th e area of quality improvement by going through books and consulting her friends, so much so that she had a consultant behind her, unseen, to help sort out CQI issues.After the assigned work got over, she resigned the company, as she couldt trust the company for future. A View of How the Learner would have Handled the Situation Differently I would have not been, probably so daring to ask the president for the actual requirement of the clients or might not have resigned the job. ? Conclusion In a workplace, ethical dilemmas are quite common. There are different reasons for a worker to become ethical or un ethical. So, the important thing how you win the war between your values and materialistic needs.

Entrepreneurial Leadership Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Entrepreneurial leaders - Coursework ExampleThis essay describes the entrepreneurial leadership, that helps to grow our society. It involves instilling the confidence to take risks, initiative, responsibility and creativity. Case, Kouzes and Drucker recognized the splendour and type of approach individuals need in pursuing entrepreneurial leadership. We will examine these three varied theories/ philosophies and the highlighted components, which ultimately will formulate a new definition of entrepreneurial leadership. Additionally, entrepreneurs shag access a wide pool of resources accessible via the website SCORE and weeny Business Administration (SBA). Moreover, we will discuss the Small Business Administration, which provides useful information to entrepreneurs that are beneficial, especially to business persons just starting. Large and small businesses surrender access to online tools and resources on the SCORE and Small Business Administration website. The most resourceful o ne is the workshops pitch towards building a business plan. A business plan plays numerous roles, here are the side by side(p) demonstrates to entrepreneurs the feasibility of starting a business, demonstrate the tools needed to launch the business, it will highlight the cost of starting, it can open doors to funding agencies and individuals, for example, investors and it will show the intended customers or audience. Hence, all other important practices that amount into play such as, coaching, team building and motivating will fail if there is no unattackable plan.

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 34

Personal Statement ExampleFurthermore, during my years in highschool school, I passed very well in my major subjects and more specifically, anything related to the philosophy of law. On the contrary, I would watch television programmes that were based on the application of law and how the courts of law work. Additionally, I spent a couple of two days a week in my fathers friends office who is a solicitor to learn more about law. This was very advantageous to me because I was minded(p) chances to attend magistrates courts on numerous occasion. Therefore, apart from my academic prosperity, I believe I am the best candidate to pursue law because I have field experience of the application of the same.In high school, I was the class representative and highly participated in co-curricular activities such as games and sports. I was a basketball player and I enjoyed every bit of the game. During practice sessions, I was given a depute of being a referee by our school coach because I was q uick to administer opinion very fairly. My critical thinking techniques and conflict resolution skills enabled me to be given such responsibilities. I alike helped my former classmates to study and improve their GPA in the subjects they were weak at because I saw it as my duty to help them overcome their obstacles. On the other hand, my oral skills are outstanding because I participated in drama and acting, which enabled me to construct accurate and fluent sentences. I was also good at written textbook and thus my high school career was marvellous.My dream career is being a judge. It is my sincere invocation and hope that given an opportunity to undertake a course in law at the university volition mold me into achieving my dreams. I am sure that given the correct guidance and hard work will see me through to achieving all my future plans because I am very gifted at law. It is my belief that my calling was in pursue of law and a great

Exam 3 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Exam 3 - Research Paper ExampleThis beau monde approach m some(prenominal) challenges with the migration of the African American to from southern to demonstrate against the violation of the order (Richard 78). This order helped the country during the war that emerged later with the African Americans being referred as janitors in the military sector. genteel Rights practice of 1964- In July 2, 1964, this Act got its creation as a landmark piece of civil rights in the United States in order to outlaw the major forms of discrimination against race, color, religion, sex, and women. The act ended the Jim Crow rules upheld by the Supreme Court that held the racial segregation purported as separate but couple and was constitutional. A congress later saw the benefits of the Civil Rights Act and expanded it to strengthen enforcement of the fundamental rights. During the proposed hearings by the Judiciary committee on the proposed legislation take to the amendment of the bill to broaden the scope of protections. These changes strengthen President Kennedys original proposal on the rejoinder to the turbulent summer that saw several incidents of racially aggravated hostility across the south. After a continued fight against its approval, the country saw the benefits of the bill that saw the president in that particular term signs it into law. Equal concern Opportunity committee (EEOC)- This federal law enforcement agency enacts laws against workplace discrimination. It encompasses some different laws like the title of the Civil Rights Act 1964, the Equal Pay Act of 1963, which protects men and women who perform equal work in the same founding from sex- based discrimination. It also covers Age variety in Employment of 1967, which protects folks above 40 years of age, or older (Hay 100). The United States Employment Opportunity Commission enforces all the above laws and provides an oversight and harmonization of all equal employment opportunity regulations, pract ices, and policies. Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) OF 1967- This protects folks of 40 years of age and above from employment discrimination. This applies both job applicant and employees. According to the law, it is illegal to discriminate any person because of age with respect to any term, condition, privilege of service. This includes hiring, sacking, endorsement, layoff, reimbursement, paybacks, training, and job assignments. It applies to those employers with 20 or to a greater extent workers including state, local organisations, employment agencies, labor organizations, and the federal government. This has helped the government from risks associated with equal considerations in the workplace. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1973- It is a federal law enacted on September 26, 1973 and is known as the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 that replaces the Vocational rehabilitation Act. It covers those individuals with a special history of handicaps or any health complicati ons. Special programs held to pay tribute to people with disabilities prohibits discrimination against any disability in the agencies, in programs receiving federal Financial assistance, employment among others. This helps value the contribution from those with disabilities. Question 2 Some people remain more fortunate than others in which they remain promoted while others stay at the middle or at the screw of the positional ladder. This rise in rank