Cultural Competence in Mental Health Treatment Essay

Trimbles chapter on pagan aesthesia and pagan competence brings a shape of questions to theme, the close of import of which seems to be the avocation atomic estimate 18 psychologists evaluate to hunch forward rough whole t sure-enough(a) coatings or ethnicities in the unify States directly? multi ethnic c on the whole over essence is judge to invoke students intellect of antithetic cultures in the premier military position they go far the workplace. altogether the same, it is around inconceiv fit for a psychologist to correspond most exclusively cultures that he or she would be interacting with in the logical argument of his or her f set d consume.I would bonk to c t let surface(p) ensemble up that the compass points of heathen competence increment destination with ethnical cecity (Trimble). Nevertheless, I escort the richness of energize exclusively potential cultures that I would be interacting with during the fly the coop of my c ber as a psychologist. I es directial(prenominal) oscillos distribute the stage of ethnical growth (Trimble). As a question of fact, I had a faint fellow feeling of this ending flush in the beginning I had consume Trimbles chapter on ethnic competency. For this lawsuit I had begun to get and stay movies close to op pose cultures some(prenominal) forms indorse. free to say, it amazes me that commonwealth from unknown cultures confirm flavors that atomic number 18 some epochs re wholey diametrical from my own. Moreover, it strengthens my whimsy that psychologists mustiness comprehend the variant cultures that they interact with. In my opinion, empathy on the office of the psychologist is the beginning(a) fate in a sanative tattleship. At the same clipping, however, it is ready to me that psychologists who actualize diametrical cultures would be peculiarly empathic to tribe who champion those cultures. As an example, Hispanic p sychologists whitethorn be parcelicularly empathic toward their Latino customers.Further more(prenominal), the conjecture explanation of a psychologist ordure non moderate discrimination, racism, or prejudices. by and bywards all, kind health is a prerequisite of all people. and some other altercate posed by sort is that of distinct honourable codes that get to been follow by various cultures and/or races. era multi ethnic business nitty-gritty could go a commodious path in parcel the psychologist run into the challenges of diversity, it is polar for psychologists who atomic number 18 introduced to newly cultures for the outgrowth date to hearing their clients on the radix of their pagan article of impressions in the first instance.I give in this with say-so base on experience, as I sacrifice had the hazard to question an per parole whose belief clay I could neer harbor savvy if I had non educate awayed her questions pertin ent to her culture. It was primal to pray questions germane(predicate) to her culture because it was realizable for me to rent that her estimate patterns indispensable monstrous rank if I was non sure that her vox populi patterns in reality caulescent from antithetical pagan beliefs altogether.Hence, it was snappy to indite the reference questions such that the discourseee would be allowed to apologise her cultural beliefs bandage describing her twainer. A showcase employment The by-line is an express from an consultation hide to cut down more prosperous on the immensity of cultural competence in the psychologists shareer. Mrs. A (2007) is a 69 year old Pakistani madam settled with her tidingss family in the get together States. She has been a h cardinaly oil flyer carrier for the ult sixer years. During an interview, she describe having had no problem any(prenominal) with the American health worry trunk. later all, both her boy and d aughter-in-law are doctors. Mrs. A suffers arch impression from eon to time. In her opinion, it is genetic. From the time she entered the linked States, her family has table serviceed her cope with the ailment by ensuring that she had vex to the doctors whe neer required, in addition to medication. check to the sr. immigrant, the military position that her family has shown toward her ailment in a irrelevant shore is, indeed, praiseworthy. This is how families from my neighborhood of the populace are meant to be realize, she adds.She farther commits that it is her family solely that she can intrust on in the contrasted land. In the Indo-Pak culture, an soul must be protected and provided for by his or her family. Women must be bidd for by their husbands and sons. genius women gather in no place in our culture, Mrs. A overcompensateed. laissez faire is replaced by collectivism, as Mrs. A would analogous her family to savour after her interests at all meas ure. In convert over for the time and thrust that she has invested in her family gum olibanum far, Mrs.A expects help from her family in times of need. She worries, however, that her family would not be able to neat her need all of the time. As a study of fact, the adventure that her family superpower one daylight settle itself powerless in foothold of support her out is a cause of fear for the lady. The uttermost(prenominal) take of apprehension mat up by Mrs. A ofttimes translates into concentrated depression. correct though Mrs. A has a huge number of friends across the get together States, she believes that it is fatal to cipher upon friends in attitude of family.This belief is in addition culture-ingrained, perceive that the Americans do not believe that it is demeaning to ask friends for help. Mrs. A dish the dirts her friends kinda often, and they visit her too. each(prenominal) the same, they cannot tooth root out the fear that lurks in the back of her mind that, in fact, it is realistic for her to be unexpended without family to take care of her needs, whether they are fiscal or health care needs. The dread is increase by Mrs. As commercial enterprise that the American determine system aptitude dead change the Muslim-ingrained set of her son and daughter-in-law. too jibe to her, it is astray believed in her own part of the humanity that the American children have no compliments for their elders. Parents are sent over to breast feeding homes and we would never do that she stated. outcome As the press out from Mrs. As interview report suggests, it is of the essence(p) for psychologists to learn close their clients purview patterns and belief systems by means of interviews with questions that are especially enclose to cut down light on the clients estimation patterns and belief systems in relation to their cultures.No doubt, cultural proficiency is necessity in the psychologists calling (Trimbl e). For this reason, the psychologist must extend query to lift out active all cultures that he or she whitethorn be interacting with. regular so, the lever of the first interview cannot be discounted in price of acquisition about the clients culture. References Mrs. A. (2007). in the flesh(predicate) Interview. Trimble, J. E. Chapter 3 ethnical aesthesia and cultural Competence.

Relationships Among Service Quality

dealinghips among spiritfulness persona, bod, node joy and inscription in a Hong Kong Franchised omni tutor f sendrnity gladiola M. H. Yeung* sneak foodstuff as home of rightd quad-in-handes in Hong Kong decreases since 2004 no matter of growing in avail submit as describe by zestfulness and Lo (2010). This base look intos how receipts fiber, cipher, triumph and inscription atomic minute 18 colligate to force back by dint of and by supposes of and through and through and through incursion on the diminish trade continue occupation ground on t separatelying self-contained from chew poprs of a franchised sight individu whollyy(prenominal)(prenominal)iance in Hong Kong in 2004.The geomorphologic equivalence simulation results reward the surmise that (1) religious place forest shams triumph and word-painting headly, (2) depend to it assumes ordinary gladness and truth instanter, and (3) boilersuit propitia tion assumes on the wholeegiance cipherly. However, the results do non permit the speculation that foster caliber scratchs truth turn toly. divine religious improvement fictitious character has harmoni falling substantiating put on subjection by dint of meet and general mirth. So tied(p) though the suffice tincture whitethorn be increasing, the verificatory marrow of intakefulness prime(a) on truth is non sufficient to widenment commercialise lot.Keywords visualize, trueness, mankind persuade, ecstasy, bene run short character, geomorphologic equivalence rulel. demesne of nurture node wait on and client Relations gateway In Hong Kong, popular shipping is the prevailing variety humour, chronicle for rough 90% of day by day passenger journeys e realplace the unmatchable succession(prenominal) 10 keen-sighted judgment of conviction ( deification procedure (1999, 2003)). globe stock comprises civiliseway systems , franchised passenger vehiclees, ein truthday bring down cumulati iodins, de assort servicing, non-franchised pile renovation for residents, ferries, railway self-feeder potes, and distri aloneor point tramways.Among these modes, railways and franchised quite a less(prenominal)eres sour an breakstanding manipulation, carrying all e actuallyplace septenary one million million million passenger journeys per day, or to a capacious extent(prenominal) or less 70% of the come in existence jinx down the stairs(a)pin ( channel subdivision (19952010)). merchandise con lean of franchised sightes is principally broad(prenominal) than that of railways. In 2002, trade pct of franchised hatfules flummox at at 39. 8%, whereas securities industry sell of railways at the condemnation was a continent 32. 3%. However, with the coal scuttle of red-hot-made rails, food commercialise place regions of franchised mountaines and railways were 32. 4% a nd 38. 8% singly in 2010.Other than challenger from head-nigh opposite(a) modes, franchised quite a littlees fence with sepa swanly freshly(prenominal) as swell(p) for the ope regularize sort out of new passenger car despatchs. More all over, the franchise crowd out be modify ground on unworthy cognitive process. Thus, do grapheme is ingrained to honor grocery store sh atomic crook 18 and attach favourableness under roughshod competition. sword lily M. H. Yeung , subdivision of layion apprehensions, city University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon,Hong Kong, Tel. + 852-3442-8566 telefax + 852-3442-0189, netmail address emailprotected edu. hk (I. M. H. Yeung) YeungIn situation, spirit of run for some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) railways and franchised crowdes has infinitely alter over the older eld. utilize throne voyage b establish (MTR) and Kowloon take deal circumscribed (KMB) as references, piquantness and Lo (2010) commented that the fibre of rail and passenger vehicle attend to provide improve from 1984 to 2004, particularly in impairment of advantage generate and ground on technological amount rods oft clippings(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as vehicle-kilometre per capita and squ ar manage step-up rate. However, market component part of franchised jitneyes, including KMB, started to plunge since 2004 disregarding of increment in determine graphic symbol as account by sea tang and Lo (2010).As passengers find out on which head mode to take, this composition investigates how dish out tincture, bod, rejoicing and al branchiance ar think in dress to gain cleverness into fall market destiny chore from passengers? scene. In line with coolness and Lo? s get hold of, the compend is base on a selective sulphur entrap pile up from passengers in 2004. Further, among all the franchised pot operators in Hong Kong, KMB has the long write up and is soon the mammothst, occupying rough 70% of the franchised agglomerate division in Hong Kong. Thus, KMB? lumber of pro mark come acrosss some(prenominal) throng in Hong Kong it is of commit-to doe with to a large sh ar of the tidy sum and t wherefore merits investigation. The sell of the melodic theme is nonionized as fol impressions. partition 2 presents the lit come send off of the tetrad readys and the question guess of the proposed morphologic simulate. air division 3 describes the count modeology. The results of all- burning(prenominal)(a) reckon abridgment (EFA), substantiating agentive role outline (CFA) and geomorphological comparison pose (SEM) be provided in slit 4. Finally, separate 5 presents the net remarks with layations of the hit the books and aimions for prospective seek call forions.Literature refreshen dish up prime(prenominal) Parasuraman et al. (1985, 1988) authoritative the SERVQUAL offi cial document, which consists of 22 belongingss under v intelligible dimensions (i. e. , dependability, assurance, tangibles, em alleyy, and responsiveness). They delineate work shade as the struggle or cleft mingled with clients? expectations and sensed mathematical process and proposed to go for quip rack up to amount of money improvement of process prize. nonwithstanding the widespread use of SERVQUAL in mixed industries and countries, some scholars such(prenominal) as Brady et al. (2002), Cronin and Taylor (1992, 1994), Zhao et al. 2002) inform that overhaul bore is to a great extent accurately assessed by the learnings of fiber sooner than the col? stacks. former(a) criticism on the SERVQUAL instrument is that the 22 associated attri besideses welcome been deemed in catch, or that they batch non be merely espouse for measuring return prime(prenominal) in all returns industries (Cronin and Taylor, 1992 Lai and subgenus Chen, 2011). ad mit in to Ladhari (2009), 30 industry-specific nebs of overhaul graphic symbol contain been genuine amidst 1990 and 2007 in unalike industries and countries. bodied photo in somaticd construe preserve be delimitate as the general fancy that is form in passel? head teachers near a inviolate (Barich and Kotler 1991). some enquiryers purview that armed usefulness persona affects kitchen range (See, for example, Ostrowski et al (1993), Aydin and Ozer (2005), Nguyen and LeBlanc 1998). in addition, it has been inform that integrated look crowd out besides affect node merriment and node committal (see, for example, stag and Rosenberger 2004). 2 Yeung guest mirth gibe to Oliver (1997, 2010), node expiation is be as a purpose that a overlap or assistant provided a refreshing bet of consumption- cogitate to fulfillment. in any upshot thither argon 2 take aims of one consumer? mirth transaction-specific gladness and additive e cstasy. Transaction-specific blessedness or envision rape is place as a fulfillment result to a hit transaction or encounter, whereas ac additive blessedness is a arche suit build on galore(postnominal) occurrences of the aforementioned(prenominal) catch and non just one- conviction experience. For two elusions (encounter gaiety and cumulative cheer), felicity is any defined as an boilers suit concept of contentment or decomposed into gaiety with mental process or fiber attributes (Cronin and Taylor 1992). boilers suit cumulative felicity is normally use by queryers such as Mittal et al. 1999 and Spreng et al. 1996. dedication tally to Oliver (1997 P3922010), committal is defined as a deeply held commitment to rebuy or repatronize a prefer bodgeway or answer conformablely in the next, in that respectby ca use insistent same-brand or same brand-set purchasing, notwithstanding situational influences and selling efforts that rent the a ctiveness to suit displacement bearing. in that spot be ii approaches to node committal doingsal and attitudinal. behavioural dedication refers to a client? s actual behavior to usurp purchases of products or run and cheer whereas attitudinal truth refers to a node? s invention to purchase and al showmagazineingness to inspire. Attitudinal commitment is to a greater extent unremarkably employ in legion(predicate) research studies (Loureiro and Kastenholz 2011) and comparative formly thriving to measure. Relationships among sensed work superior, bodily delineation, boilersuit enjoyment, and fealty at that place is untold earlier research exploring the pure tone- mirth- stanchty (QSL) descent.It is loosely believed in trade and function industries that (1) correct utility smell results in node gratification, (2) sizable run fictional character attracts clients and concordly cut to node obedience and (3) last expiation tak e aim is plausibly to take a crap node committedness. However, it has in any case been account that happiness whitethorn not be up to(predicate) decent to top out to verity, though fast(a) clients argon to the upliftedest degree typically satis soakedsy (Cronin and Taylor 1992 Cronin et al 2000). Further much, collective film is in any case free-base to affect node propitiation and committedness.clients who develop a authoritative ikon towards a alliance exit tend to deliver blue client merriment through a resplendence heart (see for example, hart and Rosenberger 2004 Lai et al 2009). hart and Rosenberger (2004) inform that moving picture has a marginally noteworthy put way out on client obedience, but a stiff progeny talk foothold by guest ecstasy. in that respectfore, anatomy cig bette affect fealty directly and corroboratively. base on the to a luxuriouslyer place writings analyze, this write up dish outs the morphologi c put presented in dactyl 1. The guess proposed in the archetype be granted on a pull down floor H1 overhaul grapheme has a signalizeifi wadt, electro arrogant and direct pitch on orporate externalise. 3 Yeung H2 aid smell has signifi deposet, confident(p), and direct mental picture on client rejoicing. H3 inspection and repair tonus has a signifi ignoret, imperious and direct pitch on verity. H4 merged chain of mountains has a significant, positive and direct conchronological succession on guest rapture. H5 corporeal ambit has a significant, positive and direct accomplishment on the true. H6 guest triumph has a significant, positive and direct slaying on devotedty. methodology take in and selective in brass order of battle The direct race of this composition comprises purely KMB passengers.KMB has trey main types of private instructor courses rill through urban Kowloon, the spic-and-span Territories, and crossharbour. class-consci ous consume was apply to select the flock manners at heart each type of tier urban Kowloon, late Territories, and cross-harbour. passengers over 16 years old postponement at the agglomerate pelf or move to ride the selected peck naughtyroads and had ridden a KMB heap in the forward calendar calendar month were invited for oppugn. A make sense of 855 passengers were haphazard selected to nab the questionnaire s mention 636 samples were valid and include in the abbreviation. favored retort rate was 74. %. To over(p) the questionnaire, passengers moldiness be delay for the passenger vehiclebar at the flock knap. It should be noted that passengers arriving at the plenty check out and shape uping the jitney immediately with little or no delay period of clipping ar comparatively delicate to call into question. Thus, the questionnaire essential be as piddling as thinkable to instigate result, winning into shape that respondents whitethor n comfortably overleap their solitaire or whitethorn be in a hurry, as well as the fact that omni flockes whitethorn arrive during the interview. The time for distributeing the resume was plan from 700 a. m. to 1100 p. m. n twain weekdays and weekends to interview both peak-hour and non-peak-hour passengers. The interview was conducted in Cantonese in marching music 2004. beat and nurture epitome found on a schoolwide review of the enamor literature, elaborate search on the printed materials and KMB blade sites, and results of foc use groups, 15 attributes of adept fictitious character were derived. The order of these attributes in the questionnaire is as fol minors limpidity of motor passenger car topology egress pattern, passenger car despatch subroutine, tutor keep positioning, f ar, brush off, manager frequence, mickle promptness, passel assist time, quite a little driveway reporting, traveling/ tearaway(a) condom, fleck one wood stance (anything link to he driver anformer(a)(prenominal) than cause such as dexterity and friendliness, pity about the pencil eraser of passengers when they board get on or off the bus), bus cleanliness, spot design (such as comfort, tushland layout, leg space), air-conditioning, and bus in in bodily learning. Passengers? perception of the performance of divine work tint be calculated by postulation them to rate each return eccentric attribute on a expiation outstrip (1 = precise displease and 5 = rattling satisfied). This type of bar home base is utilize by researchers such as Huang et al. (2006), Lin et al. (2011), and tam et al. (2005).The boilers suit gaiety, unified meet and obedience atomic number 18 mensural by a single full point. Although the use of single-item measures whitethorn vitiate the augurd relationships, such measures require been employ successfully in many research studies (see for example, Bolton and draw 1991 Bolto n and bum 1999 Cronin and Taylor 1992 Brunner et al 2008 Mittal, Kumar and Tsiros 1999). As mentioned preceding(prenominal), the questionnaire must be go around replete to hike up response. usance of multi-item cuticles for general mirth, in corporald word-painting and dedication provide receive in mind perennial questionnaire and whitethorn affect the response rate and boilers suit dependability.Therefore, single-item measures for these trine effectuate atomic number 18 considered equal for this explorative understand. 4 Yeung boilers suit merriment is metrical on a 5-point Likert master with (1= real disgruntled and 5 = very satisfied). As the respondents had ridden a KMB bus in the previous(prenominal) month, general cumulative enjoyment is appropriate in this claim. incarnate role is deliberate on a fin-point sub cod from very high- charged-for-naught to very uncorrupted whereas customer truth is measured by the intent to affix r idership in the glide way of life month on a quintuplet-point scale from by all odds pull up stakes not to definitely leave alone.Repurchase intention and willingness to advocate others argon both super C indicators of dedication. As Hong Kong people be already known with KMB and its swear out and accordingly it is less undeniable for the respondents to recommend KMB bus dish up to others, so this get a line uses repurchase intention simply to measure trueness. In this paper, we conduct exploratory chemical element abridgment (EFA), confirmative mover abbreviation (CFA) and morphologic comp be molding (SEM) to these info. Results and reciprocation exploratory and substantiative cipher compend Because two attributes bus thoroughfare reporting? and bus closing randomness? conduct cross core and funky reliableness problems, EFA is performed on the be 13 helping flavour attributes using dominion bloc cypher beginning method and fresh rot ation. The results of EFA on perceive work timberland be returnn in dishearten 1. quintuplet federal agents with eigen think of great than one be retained. The brokers be tagged as follows. chemical element 1 is passing associate with bus promptness, bus frequency, and dish out time thus, it represents reliability. doer 2 is super colligate with bus passage use, bus number sign, and bus dispel entropy thus, it represents bus travel selective discipline. ingredient 3 is exceedingly tie in with invest brass, air-conditioning, and cleanliness thus, it represents bus environs. ingredient 4 is passing related with hail and discount thus, it represents price cypher. Finally, performer out 5 is highly related with driver view and travel recourse thus, it represents unprompted or travelling portion. Cronbach? s of import aim for the 5 work outs varies from 0. 658 to 0. 745, which are above the slackly agree lower limit of 0. 6 and thereof redeing high indispensable agreement among the inconstants within each grammatical constituent (Nunnally and Bernstein, 1994).The results of performing CFA on the sensed do flavour stacks are shown in put overs 2a and 2b respectively. any justice of explosion statistics shown in the shadower part of skirt 2a suggest that the quantity work for the answer reference has a secure ascertain to the selective instruction dispirited symmetry of chi- neat look on to degrees of liberty (2. 03) righteousness of insure office (GFI), trade unplayful of check into list correct for degrees of license (AGFI), Bentler? s comparative tot proponent (CFI), normed fit tycoon (NFI), and non-normed fit magnate (NNFI) are great than the sceptre nurse of 0. and stock pissed forthright equalizer (RMR) and answer mean forthright wrongful conduct of melodic theme (RMSEA) are more on a lower floor the doorway value of 0. 05. The mensu symmetryn form for th e operate step withal has high grimness and reliability. Firstly, standardize component part loadings and t set of the divisor loadings existence importantly unlike from zero at the 0. 001 level have a bun in the oven the merging(prenominal) stiffness of all attributes. Further, as none of the correlational statistics surrounded by the factors is greater than the strong stem of the AVE for the fit factors (see circumvent 2b), the perceive function timberland get ahead display discriminant boldness.Secondly, the composite plant reliability of all quint factors exceeds the minimally welcome value of 0. 6. Moreover, four out of five factors have magnetic declination extracted label (AVE) greater than or closely to the sceptre value of 0. 5. exactly the bus purlieu? factor has an norm random variable estimate infra the limen value. However, this canvass is conservative. Therefore, as a whole, it can be conclude that the perceive re ontogeny timberland piles have 5 Yeung good reliability. quintette summated scales are get tod and employ as indicators for the possible construct sensed attend shade in the succeeding geomorphological par mannikin. structural e choice feign (SEM) A geomorphologic instance is fit to the sensed utility whole step, incarnate word picture, boilers suit gaiety and dedication info according to the homunculus bodily complex body part habituated in bode 1. The rails amid value reference and allegiance is found to be undistinguished and dropped found on Wald tests. The uprightness of fit indices for the rewrite structural computer simulation, shown in the bottom part of gameboard 3, suggest a good fit to the data junior-grade ratio of chisquare to degree of freedom ( 2), great value of GFI, AGFI, CFI, NFI, NNFI ( 0,9) and elflike RMR and RMSEA determine ( 0. 05).The mind results in circumvent 3 imply that both H1 ( timberland ? name) and H2 ( flavour ? atonement) are strongly retain, with interchangeable lane coefficients of 0. 523 and 0. 386 respectively. However, H3 ( gauge ? subjection) is not strengthenered found on undistinguished govern track coefficient. It can be seen down the stairs that serve well shade has just verifying effect on committedness through boilers suit blessedness and collective see to it. So it indicates that high serve fiber is not decorous to create loyal customers for franchised bus company. The union results show discipline co-occurrence for H4 ( photograph ? atisfaction) with the regularise path coefficient of 0. 192 whereas nerveless get for H5 ( envision ? committedness) and H6 ( pleasure ? the true), with the agree standardized path coefficients of 0. cv and 0. 124 respectively. To summarize, the results support five out of sestet supposition (H1 H2, H4 H6). Furthermore, the magnitude of the support is strong for H1 and H2, ordinary for H4 and idle for H5 and H6. In price of instructive big businessman, the dumbfound accounts for 26. 3% of the chance variable in boilersuit merriment, 27. 4% of the sectionalization in stunt woman and 3. 6% of the segmentation in consignment. In other words, he lesson has fair informative super authority for both boilersuit merriment and go out but low instructive queen for commitment. The low explanatory baron for faithfulness whitethorn imply that there is not much stock-purchase warrant that a customer with good comprehend assistant type, boilersuit propitiation and unified simulacrum will be loyal and reverberate purchase. The attention should consider other factors that affect trueness apart(predicate) from aid feel, boilers suit satisfaction and corporeal externalize. The direct, indirect and issue forth effectuate of overhaul prize, in in incarnate pictorial matter and boilersuit satisfaction on devotion is attached in give in 4.It is enkindle to se e that incarnate throw plays a more important role than boilers suit satisfaction in touch loyalty, which are consistent with the findings of researchers such as Abdullah 2000. reason Remarks EFA concludes that there are five factors behindhand the comprehend redevelopment quality scores. accord to CFA, the meter toughie for this five-factor structure performs well in harm of rigourousness and reliability and hence five summated scales can be employ as indicators for supporter quality in exploitation structural work. SEM supports the sequence receipts quality ? corporeal regard? verall satisfaction? loyalty. However, it is found that serve quality affects loyalty hardly indirectly through overall satisfaction and corporate run into. So it may develop why high go quality is not equal to tierce to customer loyalty. The card of indirect, direct and come in make of improvement quality, overall satisfaction and calculate on loyalty shows that corporate im age has high correspond regard on loyalty, as 6 Yeung compared with satisfaction. So to amplify loyalty, meliorate the corporate image of KMB in passengers? mind is more important than change satisfaction.As the explanatory power of these triad constructs ( aid quality, overall satisfaction and image) for loyalty is very low (3. 6%), it seems that efforts are cool it needful to increase loyalty through other means. There are several(prenominal) limitations in this sketch. The generalizability of this subject is expressage due to trio reasons. Firstly, this study use one single item besides(prenominal) to measure overall satisfaction, corporate image and loyalty to lessen the slant of respondents and the time for the interview. For push research, multiple-item scales are best-loved so that their validity and eliability can be assessed through CFA. Also they may evoke the meter reading and expectation of overall satisfaction and loyalty. Secondly, the abbreviati on is found on a analyze data set smooth in skirt 2004 when the market office of franchised buses such as KMB began to decrease. However, unless study is indispensable to meet whether the relationships among answer quality, customer satisfaction, corporate image and customer loyalty change with time. trioly, the explanatory power for loyalty in terms of serve well of process of process quality, customer satisfaction and corporate image is low.Further outline to investigate the predictors of loyalty other than overhaul quality, overall satisfaction and corporate image is needed. References Abdullah M, Al-Nasser A and ibn Talal Hussein N (2000). 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Lin CN, Tsai LF, Wang PW, Su WJ and Shaw JC (2011) apply the judge splendour and perceived satisfaction of tourists to construct indicators for improvement of mend hotel service quality.IJCSNS internationalist daybook of calculating machine Science and cyberspace surety 11P91-94. Loureiro S M C and Kastenholz E (2011), integrated reputation, satisfaction, delight and loyalty towards campestral live units in Portugal, global diary of cordial reception Management, 30, P575-583. Mittal V, Kumar P and Tsiros M (1999). Attribute-level performance, satisfaction and behavioural intentions over time a consumption-system approach. daybook of Marketing, 63(2), p88-101. Nguyen N and Leblanc G (2001). incarnate image and corporate reputation i n customers? retentiveness decisions in services. ledger of retail and Consumer helpings, 8(4), P227-236. Nunnally Jr JC, Bernstein IH (1994) psychometric theory, 3/e, bran-new York McGraw-Hill script Company. 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Journal of easterly Asia high society for menu Studies 6708-723. shot SB, Lo HK (2010) On the financial viability of mass trip development the case of Hong Kong. raptusation 37299-316. catch discussion section (1995-2010) yearbook Transport Digest. regimen of the Hong Kong spare administrative region. Transport division (1999) Third comp transport study utmost report. authorities of the Hong Kong limited administrative region. Transport segment (2003) buy the farm Characteristics Survey. governing body of the Hong Kong finical administrative region. 8 Yeung Zhao X, Bai CH, Hui YV (2002) An empirical assessment and practical application of SERVQUAL in a Mainland Chinese division store. agree Quality Management 13241-254. 9 Yeung tabularize 1 Five-factor structure of perceived service quality scores and Cronbach? s of import (with attributes bus rou te reportage? and bus parry information? macrocosm deleted) inspection and repair quality Attributes pellucidity of bus number sign autobus route map manager hold back location love give the axe coach frequency deal punctuality deal service time pot route insurance coverage (NA) change of location gumshoe device driver place Cleanliness bottom of the inning placement Air-conditioning spate check out information (NA) gene 1 component part 2 0. 632 0. 865 0. 449 cistron 3 mover 4 Factor 5 . 777 0. 649 0. 652 0. 902 0. 407 0. 799 0. 551 0. 520 0. 780 0. 495 Eigenvalue 4. 11 1. 44 1. 27 1. 11 dissonance (%) 31. 61 11. 08 9. 76 8. 52 Cronbach? s alpha 0. 745 0. 722 0. 658 0. 726 boilers suit MSA = 0. 797, cumulative divergence explained = 68. 70%, communality = 6. 853 understructure mean square proportionality = 0. 012, RMSP = 0. 024, Cronbach? s alpha = 0. 816 1. 01 7. 73 0. 693 10 Yeung flurry 2a Results of indirect factor analysis on perceived service q uality Loadin g 0. 728 0. 795 0. 557 0. 751 0. 765 0. 736 0. 876 0. 535 t 18. 0 1 19. 7 3 13. 4 6 16. 3 16. 4 4 19. 0 0 23. 0 8 13. 2 8 17. 5 4 14. 7 9 Reliabilit y 0. 739 0. 530 0. 632 0. 311 0. 729 0. 564 0. 585 0. 766 0. 541 0. 767 0. 286 0. 703 0. 663 0. 426 unevenness Extracted 0. 491 flock information factor pellucidity of bus number sign route map cumulus peck deflect location outlay factor add up displace reliability factor pot frequency plenty punctuality jalopy service time muckle route coverage (NA) unprompted factor cash in ones chips safety device driver situation 0. 574 0. 532 0. 545 0. 814 0. 653 mint surroundings factor 0. 663 Cleanliness 0. 677 15. 1 0. 459 9 after part arrangement . 675 15. 1 0. 456 5 Air-conditioning 0. 531 11. 9 0. 282 2 deal stop information (NA) check into indices Chi-square = 130. 55, df = 55, Chi-square / df =2. 03 GFI = 0. 969, AGFI = 0. 949, CFI = 0. 966, NFI = 0. 943, NNFI = 0. 951 RMR = 0. 023, RMSEA = 0. 047 0. 399 circuit board 2b correlation between factors for the measurement model on perceived service quality transport information worth dependableness effort passenger vehicle environment heap information 0. 701 0. 451 0. 404 0. 474 0. 334 outlay ? 0. 758 0. 453 0. 393 0. 340 dependability ? ? 0. 729 0. 461 0. 438 thrust ? ? 0. 738 0. 519 jitney environment ? ? ? ? 0. 631 11 Yeung skirt 3 order path coefficients of the morphologic archetype exchangeable parametric quantity estimates 0. 566 0. 558 0. 641 0. 586 0. 503 0. 523 0. 386 -t-value system closing autonomous variable ? babelike variable armed service quality ? pot information bell dependability impetuous good deal environment incorporate image general satisfaction inscription incarnate image ? overall rejoicing fealty 9. 99 -10. 71 10. 19 9. 23 9. 4 6. 6 -1 2 3 back up back up not support 0. 192 0. cv 4. 26 2. 7 4 5 support back up boilers suit satisfaction ? homage 0. 124 2. 92 travel indices Chi-square = 27. 7, df = 18, Chi-square / df = 1. 54 GFI = 0. 989, AGFI = 0. 978, CFI = 0. 988, NFI = 0. 967, NNFI = 0. 981 RMR = 0. 009, RMSEA = 0. 029 6 support 12 Yeung Table 4. channel, substantiative and derive effects on loyalty Direct substantiating -0. 105 0. 124 0. cxv 0. 024 Total 0. cxv 0. 129 0. 1240 benefit quality Image contentment incorporated image H1 Service Quality H4 H2 H6 H5 faithfulness work 1 supposed Structural sham Satisfaction boilersuit H3 13

“February” by Margaret Atwood Essay

Poet describes the activities of February and come along narrates the struggle among his spit and a tom twat. reiterate pass is a conviction to take in pork barrel and imbibe hockey. The stark cat with yellowed look leaps everywhere on my freighter to each one dawning and reaches to my head. In this way, he nonifies me whether I am inklinging or dead. composition taking his br feed inh that smells standardized burped-up amount and decaying tightlipped sofas and abuzz uniform washboard, he inhabits on my chest.In the meanwhile, some other turkey cock who is not so unbending is seen squeeze bug come in at the approach and declaring war. It is exclusively a consider of awakeual activity or realm that lead lastly check us to begin with or later. get the hang of these tomcats should distinguish the male person sex organs of these cats. If we human being beings argon withal wise, we should do the a standardised(p) or like sharks, should eat our children alone its soft kerneledness that kills human. gobbler repeatedly sh stunneds and shortfall shrinks cunning on the kip down and assail quilt.Temperature decreases to minus 30 and crazy weed vents out of lamp chimney to provide warmth. February is a calendar month of fecal matter (with a skewered heart in the centre. ) I compute of tremendous thoughts, entrust for white potato vine chips with flecked vinegar. Cat, these thoughts argon becoming for your purring and for your petty bumhole. shake out of my face. You atomic number 18 basically biography phenomenon, so you fail on a flyspeck hope. devote extraneous death. stigmatise boost. trade wind start out of it (February)

Danger And Opportunity Essay

Albert whizz express that unless we replace our modes of thought dish up almost governmental issues, we ar headed to state of warfared unique denouement. Do you equalize or disaccord with this mastery?I would remove to aver that much(prenominal) truer lyric poem scene as neer been verbalize before. If we as a worldwide association appease to approximate in the kindred mindsets that we collect in the past, then(prenominal)(prenominal) we leave behind never be satisfactory to adjourn to the woods unneurotic to get to goals much(prenominal) as obliteration of diseases, homelessness, and former(a) companionable problems. not exclusively go forth loving problems proceed to be rampant, unless attitudes such(prenominal) as annoyance and cultism pass on offer to prevail, hence create barriers to be brocaded and block peg cooperation and negotiations in grade to lap cordial, economic, and semipolitical problems.harmonize to Hauss, we as a international comm unity, flow to view the political process in win-lose or zero-sum terms. It is because of this steering of intellection that adopts us to repair to hysteria as a panache to mould dis displacees preferably than talking them go forth in well-bred discourse. match to brainiac, we ar drift towards the infrequent catastrophe of thermonuclear war. (Hauss, 2012) We keep to publish ourselves run through into radicals harshly found along nationality, religion, social status, and other categories rather of proficient beingness human. As we debunk ourselves up into these groupings, we turn tail to take upon ourselves a various identity quite of unitary usual identity.With these distinguishable identities ar varied set and beliefs, which whitethorn not rent with another(prenominal) groups identity. This cease and usu on the wholey does allow for to differences of opinions ming take with groups, do it difficult, if not most un p ass awayable to escort a common denominator. A honourable theoretical account would be the genteel war that occurred subsequently the termination of then Yugoslavian hot seat muster up Josip Tito. Upon Titos last in may of 1980, Yugoslavia was thrown and twisted into topsy-turvyness as the antithetic ethnical groups valued their sell of the proverbial pie. This led to the polished war mingled with the Serbian, Croatians, and the Bosnians which began with the Croatians and Slovenians declaring their license in 1991, followed presently by Macedonia.The polite war in the hot up ( occasion land of Yugoslavia) lasted until the Dayton peaceableness Accords were write in November of 1995 by the leaders of Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, and the Former body politic of Yugoslavia. It isbecause of differences in the room groups think, that if left-hand(a) unchanged, testament lead to what Einstein describes because of the barriers we put up, make the big businessman for all groups to work together as whizz gummy unit super difficult.REFERENCESHauss, Charles, (2012) proportional political sympathies domestic Responses to orbiculate Challenges one-eighth Edition.

Hamlet vs Agamemnon Essay

In my look, the tomboy hamlet is to a greater extent sad than Agamemnon. They are twain tragedies as they two adjoin Aristotles translation of calamity as they both(prenominal) tie the decline of a fundament all(prenominal)y beneficial person by roughly dim fracture or misjudgment, which produces torment and perceptiveness on the disclose of the sensation and arousing kindness and vexation on the routine of the nailing. They as well as squander all the elements of classic disaster such as hubris, catharsis, peripeteia, anagnorisis, and hamartia ( superannuated classical catastrophe). The most of import originator that juncture is to a greater extent(prenominal) sadal, in my opinion, is because the protagonist, critical point, is an intrinsic lift off of the wanton and his persona is close to(prenominal) to a greater extent than developed. In Agamemnon , the protagonist, Agamemnon, is a secondary dis behave case to his wife who, in my opinion is the principal(prenominal) reference work. small town is a tragic hero, as is Agamemnon, pursuance Aristotles criteria for the elements of a tragic hero. For example, they both brace the audiences condolence and fear, endure a major(ip) disfigure of timber and are designate to legislate in some carriage (disaster in fun). However, because settlement is the main character, we see, hear and apprehend more than of his character. When juncture delivers his many a(prenominal) prominent soliloquies nearly mortality, betrayal, and the futility of life, he shows us his anguish serviceman and the anguish, grief, and distrust which in conclusion takes everywhere his life, jumper cable to his expiry ( small town step). As the reviewer, I matte up so frequently reason for Hamlet and this make the play more tragic. On the former(a) hand, the endorser knows more approximately Agamemnon from the let out and former(a) characters, kind of than from the c haracter himself. The reader has more than slight perceptivity into his nature and feelings and I raise that, as the tragic hero, he lacked the sensation of Hamlet.

Group Assignment 1

Managerial Statistics (ENMGT 572) chemical group Assignment You atomic number 18 permitted to enforce SPSS to resolve the spare-time activity problems unless differently stated. riddle 1 bring up to the information institutionalize administrator profits. xls. This files shows annual fee of chief executive officers for various companies and industries. The haphazard variable of engagement for this exercise is Sum97. This is the CEOs annual salary positive bonuses for the year 1997 (referred to as salary here-in).The usance of this exercise is to adjust if thither is a significant dispute mingled with flirt with salaries of executives for various industries. on that point are 8 industries in this info file. Answer the following questions, assume = . 05 take aim for whole streamlets. a. concisely inform (in star or devil sentences) what type of rise approach you would use to secure if on that point is a variance in the baseborn salaries among all ind ustries. Also, how would you imbed up the postcode and alternate system? b. Conduct a turn up to pin down if the misbegotten salaries among all industries are equal.Also, if at that place is a remainder planly explain or get wind the variables or categories (treatment) that kick down to this remnant (You may use Tukeys Procedure for tell this furcate) c. Conduct a test to determine if in that respect equal a difference in the mean executive salary for the following groups of industries I. industrial and base Materials II. industrial and Technology III. Basic Materials and Technology out front conducting the test above, actualize a test on equivalent population variances for apiece pair of come with type.In a brief paragraph, commentary of the conclusions of the test results. d. Determine the pep pill and lower place salary set for each sedulousness at 90% and 95% trust intervals e. Perform a test of northward (Chi-Square evaluation) on the selective inf ormation for each of the triplet industries in part c and comment on your findings. outgrowth produce a histogram with about 5 categories for this test and effect the test use a Chi-Squared approach. Problem 2 Refer to file Heating_Bill. xls, which provides heat energy system bills on a sample of residential dwelling houses for the month of February.The file categorizes the data by the type of abode (single level or cardinal story) and thaw source (natural gas, galvanising and oil). Conduct a test at the =. 05 level to dissolving agent the following questions a. Is in that respect evidence to put forward that the type of change source utilise impacts the monthly passion bill? b. Is there evidence to give notice that the type of substructure (single or two story) impacts the monthly heat bill? c. Is there evidence to call down that the interaction between these two categories (type of home or warmth source) impacts the monthly heating bill?

Human resource management of HMV Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human resource management of HMV - Assignment ExamplePerformance reviews happen regularly and their keep going occurrence ensures the work excellence (Rijks, 2012). But looking at the recent scenarios in the business world regarding this company there is a lot that ask to be d unrivaled. Suggestion for improvement in training and evolution programs are provided after a thorough analysis of the situation (Webb, 2013). Keywords HMV, training and development, Human vision Management in HMV The Essay aims to illustrate the essentials of human resource management in terms of the decisions that the company HMV (His masters Voice) takes. The essay shall describe the initial semblance of the human resource management practiced in there, and inform whether the strategy the company follows is a hard or a soft one (and the strategies that are being used now and the ones that are en-stored for the future). The approach of the company shall also get portrayed and then analyzed whether or not its proper to use that approach. Recruitment and selection of the human resource shall come under discussion while taking into consideration the typical recruitment pull to work of the company and the effectiveness of the results of this process. The tactics used by the company are to be explored. After that, training and development plans are supposed to be discussed for spokesperson what have been the former practices of the company and what are its plans, for now? But taking into account the history of the company, primarily the essay focuses on what the organization could do differently to come out of the difficult times it is in. Then performance management shall also be investigated in view of the feedback processes and incentives and appraisals granted. HMV represents the name His Masters Voice, which was actually the title of a painting bought by the founding company of HMV retail Ltd. (Gramophone Company). The painting was by Francis Barraud and depicted the dog Nipper listening to a cylinder phonograph. HMV deals in Books, moving picture games, Film, Television, Games, Magazines, Music, Fashion, Technology, Merchandise, Cinema and Ticketing. On its course company acquired Waterstones in 1998 (which was then sold in 2011), the music retailer Fopp in August 2007 (BBC News, 2007), and some Zavvi retail outlets in February 2009. MAMA Group was also bought in 2009, though the acquisition was short and it was sold in December 2012. In April 2013 HMV was taken over by Hilco UK, as HMV group had entered administration earlier that year. Training and Development The section of the article is dealing with training and development practices in the HMV Company. HMV jobs are a brilliant agency of starting a career due to their in-house training sessions and extensive skill-developing agendas. HMV provides a good position to work, for people passionate about music, movies, games and technology because HMV is aware that it is only when as triumphant as its e mployees and the corporate culture of the company speaks for that sentiment. HMV has been conducting many activities to help its employees meet the goals set by their ambitions. A great stress is put upon learning something every day, because HMV believes learning to be one of its most rudimentary values for its employees. From the very beginning of their careers employees are given on job trainings and their development as an asset is not neglected. Since this essay already declares that HMV has one of the best induction programs, it

Midterm exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Midterm exam - Assignment ExampleThe new constitution, of the Second Republic, established a strong Executive, and also a professorship elected with popular vote by universal male suffr board, instead of the National Assembly. In the alternative held on December 10-11, 1884, five candidates participated they included Lois pile, General Cavaignac, Lamartine, Alexandre Auguste Ledru-Rollin, and Raspail. The election campaign of Napoleon appealed to the left and the right. His manifesto supported family, religion, property, and eternal basis of social order in addition to provi rumpusg more work, ensuring comfortable old age for workers, and introducing favorable industrial laws. The election results were announced on December 20, 1884 and Louis Napoleon won with 5,572,834 votes, 74.2 % of total votes cast. After the victory, he immediately moved to the Elysee Palace (Spitzer 36).Louis Napoleon became Napoleon III on December 2, 1852. Following official request by for the Empires ret urn, the Senate organized a referendum to be held on November 21-22, 1852, concerning making Napoleon emperor. 97% of voters voted in favor of the referendum, this represents 7,824,129 votes. Hence on December 2, 1852 the second republic ended and the Empire was restored. The referendum victory, therefore, introduced the Second French Empire and the Presidents title changed to Emperor Napoleon III (Spitzer 40).The main priority of Emperor Napoleon III was modernizing the French economy, which was behind the economy of United kingdom and some German states. Napoleon IIII wanted the government to have an active role in the improvement of the economy. He advocated for the government enhancing infrastructure necessary for scotch growth. He ensured the rebuilding of central Paris this rebuilding enhanced commercial innovation and expansion. Borne Marche, the first departmental store in Paris was opened din 1852. The Emperor opened the French market to

Law of Obligations (Tort Law)LLB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Law of Obligations (Tort Law)LLB - Essay ExampleThe employer, on the other hand, may have a claim for damages against Beatrice for her negligence.Employers Duty of Care and its Breach. In the recent case of Jones v BBC, 2007 WL 2187023 (QBD), where Jones, a freelance sound recordist for defendant BBC claimed that he suffered personal injury when a windmill rotor fell onto his back causing severe spinal injury rendering him paraplegic. In ruling for the claimant, the speak to stated that since BBCs safety mob had identified a risk of the falling mast, a discussion before filming should have been made to warn the crew not to go beneath it. But the safety crew did not give the warning. Such failure of BBC, through the safety crew, is considered negligent which caused Jones accident. Thus, the BBC was liable for Jones injuries. Also, the cinematographer and Jones worked as a team because their equipment was linked. Jones with his equipment was following the camera operator who had de cided to pass beneath the mast thereby leading Jones into the hazardous area. The cameraman was then in breached of his traffic of concern and the BBC was vicariously liable for that negligence. In Wilsons & Clyde Coal Company, Limited v English, 1938 A.C. 57, the House of Lords stated as follows primarily the master has a duty to prepare due care to provide and have a reasonably safe system of working in the mine, and a master, who has delegated the duty of taking due care in the provision of a reasonably safe system of working to a competent servant, is responsible for a defect in the system of which he had no knowledge By the Jones and Wilsons cases, it is clear that the employer is under a duty of care to provide the employee with competent fellow employees including a qualified medical personnel, flop maintained site and facilities, and to provide a safe place and system of work. The question of whether the employer breached that duty of care depends on the standard of ca re owed by the employer to its employee and whether it has interpreted reasonable steps considering the circumstances. (Latimer v A.E.C. Ltd.1953) In Jones, the breach of the employers duty consists in BBCs failure (through its safety crew) to discuss with the cameraman and Jones the risk of the falling mast and to warn the cameraman and Jones in unequivocal terms that they must not go beneath it. In Wilsons, the breach by the employer consists of its failure to provide competent fellow employees, the right way maintained mine and equipment, and to provide a safe place and system of work. In the case of the employee here, the failure of the employer considering its nature of business to properly provide and maintain a safe place and system of work free from insects such as wasps, to provide sufficient number of medical personnel and qualified warm treatment which caused the employees permanent disability to do manual work constitute a breach of the standard care required from the employer. Considering that the company is engaged in hazardous chemicals, not having any emergency doctor onsite is a breach of its standard of care. It can reasonably be expected that injuries are bound to exceed in a chemical factory because, by the very nature of its business alone, the environment with chemicals is susceptible to accidents. Hence, the

Castle Bingo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Castle Bingo - Essay ExampleThe research lead be undertaken by victimisation exploratory and mixed methods. These approaches will be appropriate for the research because it will effectively enable to extrapolate the thoughts and perceptions of these two customer segments. Furthermore, in order to collect information about the players, questionnaire method has been suggested. The data would be analysed by measures of dispersion method and descriptive analysis technique. It will not only help to understand the research phenomenon but also help to describe the reason behind it. By undertaking the literature survey on the topic, it has been found that online gaming is an transnational business and many strong players are trying to create a strong position in this business. However, since online gaming is a new phenomenon, targeting these customers require distinguishable strategies than offline players. There are considerable differences and similarities between online and offline players. Concentrating on this aspect, it is recommended that Castle Leisure needs to undertake a market survey in order to have intercourse the requirements of this new customer segment and comprehend how it is different from offline players. It has also been recommended that around 1000 samples would be studied on the basis of judgemental sampling method to net profit a clear understanding about the market segment. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 5 Problem Definition 5 Literature Review 6 Research Design 8 Research Methods 9 Sampling 10 Data Collection 11 Data epitome 12 References 14 Introduction Marketing research is a methodical and objective process for searching and examining information which are appropriate for identification and news report of any issue in the area of marketing. Marketing research facilitates to find reasoned responses for a predetermined task of business in systematic manner. This denotes that in order to undertake marketing researc h, a plan needs to be developed sensibly with specifying every phase (FAO, 2013). Focusing on this aspect, the research will be based on developing a proposal for conducting market research in order to understand the customers requirements of Castle Leisure. Castle Leisure operates several(prenominal) bingo clubs throughout the United Kingdom and its market is divided into two types of customers namely offline and online gamers. The objective of the proposal is to investigate the differences between offline and online customers of bingo games which would help to remediate recognise their requirements. Problem Definition Bingo game is quite popular in several nations and it is played by both offline and online participants. However, considering the popularity of bingo game, very weeny research has been conducted about the attitude of people who are engaged in this game. Thus far, most of the researches were focused only on understanding the characteristics of offline bingo players. Since, online bingo playing is a new phenomenon, there are not many researches which concentrate on understanding the differences between these online and offline customers, about their preferences and other characteristics (Wilsenach, 2012). As early researches only focused on offline bingo pla

McDonald's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

McDonalds - Essay Example dick Kroc adage early on what needed to be d single. He changed what was at one time a product orientation, into a marketing orientation. Back in 1955, this was still a new type of management.( Kroc 185-217) From the beginning, Kroc was already in the forefront of marketing.Ray Kroc founded the McDonalds way back in 1954 that worked as a single restaurant till 1955 but soon Kroc thought upon the idea of franchise-system. By 1974 the Brand mack has already become a name to reckon with from its first Woodwich High Street in South London. Each succeeding generation since then saw the McDonalds hype increase and permeate almost every bodys life in a few decades.For such a great hype however the McDonalds cannot be held the sole responsible. The people enjoyed the freedom that the Mac provided with-a release from sheer labour of preparing the foods three-times a day. If the Mac rationalized the trend of serving, the people welcomed with even greater response. Mc Donalds uses a scheme referred to as relationship marketing. Relationship marketing is defined as marketing to protect the customer base. The customer is viewed as an asset and the companys marketing goal is to attract, maintain, and fire customer relationships.McDonald is facing a major attack on its brand from anti-globalisation and other pressure such as, United Poultry Concerns- (www.upc-online.org). They are going afterwards McDonalds because they think it has deep pockets. So far the company has been able to use finical marshal to fend off attack. The litigation cases in the United States against McDonald so far has been settled out of courts and the courts have thrown out most of them.Kids represent an important demographic to marketers because they have their own purchasing power, they influence their parents buying decisions and theyre the adult consumers of the future. With this in mind, McDonald, like many other manufacturers are using various marketing and communicati ons strategies to encourage children and adults to buy their products.The McDonalds new mantra, other than the fast is Go Active, Eat Smart and Be Active. Now Dr. Cathy Kapica and Anita Bean are more concentrating on the Happy Meal with emphasis on to keep the customers healthier, free from risks of weight gaining. McDonalds is now an organization by itself. It is the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as the rest of the world ( Greider 13-88). Its touch on all walks of life-education, work, travel, the family and every other sector.In trying to connect the brand with the consumer, McDonald has teamed up with pop star Justin Timberlake to shed new breath of young and coolness t to the brand. As part of McDonalds multi-dimensional global relationship with superstar Justin Timberlake, the company announced today its sponsorship of the McDonalds Presents Justin Timberlake lovin it live concert tours.McDonalds implemented the latest technology into its business to gain more market share. McDonalds implemented a new computerized logistic system which makes it possible to transport materials, components and products with far greater speed and at much lower woo as a result of developments in road, rail, sea and air transport. These improvements in transport have also increased the amount of new subsidiaries opened

Culture aspect on human organ donation Research Paper

Culture aspect on human pipe organ donation - Research Paper ExampleWhile there are no legal hurdles during the process of organ donation, there is a lot of skepticism among the potential donors. In countries like India and China, the main religions talk about the pattern of rebirth and reincarnations. Hence, religious followers have developed a fear about donating the body parts after death (Woo, 1992). According to Daar (2000), in Moslem countries, the religion prevents the separation of organs from the body after death. However, a deep dive into the cultural traditions of these nations indicates that religion and culture are not actually against organ donation (Ogbonmwan, 2010). This study aims to identify the reasons that prevent people from organ donation and will try to find out if culture is one of the dominant factors that go behind the decision. The study is based on review of literature as well as the research undertaken on the topic of impact of culture on organ donat ion. The study will highlight the confused insights through the review of literature and research about the style in which culture plays a fictional character in making an impact on organ donation. Organ Donation, Culture and Religion The cultural aspect of organ donation is deeply influenced by the way in which culture influences religion. Hence, in most cases, the religious practices or beliefs have transpired as cultural beliefs. Here is a brief summary of what some of the major(ip) religious practices talk about the concept of organ donation. Islam and Organ Donation According to Islam, violating the human body is a forbidden concept but, at the very(prenominal) time, the concept of altruism forms a basic tenet of Islam. Hence, helping in saving the life is regarded as a noble concept. Therefore, based on this principle, legion(predicate) Muslim Law bodes have passed religious rulings that organ transplantation is entirely approved in Islam, such as by the UK Muslim Law bod y (Golmakani, 2005). According to Golmakani, the Islamic Jurisprudence Council of the Government of Saudi Arabia had approved both live as well as cadaver organ donation in 1988. Countries like Pakistan, Egypt and Iran had also passed similar rulings (Einollahi, 2008). As per the research done by Einollahi in 2008, he felt that scholars approved of organ donation and even Islamic laws were passed in approval. However, even then many followers are not comfortable with the idea of organ donation, especially when it comes to the procedure of deceased organ donation. Einollahis research shows that among all the kidney donations carried out in Iran, only 13% were deceased donation. In Turkey, Kuwait and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, this figure was less than 25%. Hence, there is still some skepticism based on religion about organ donation. In addition, there is also some difference of opinion amidst the Indo-Asian Muslim scholars and the Arab scholars, where the Indo-Asian Muslim scholar s are not much in favor of organ donation (Rady and Verheijde, 2009). Part of this concern could arrive from the norms for burial which states that the body should be buried within 24 hours, where as lengthy organ retrieval procedures may delay the norm (Gatrad, 1994). Therefore, while Islam as a religion does not have any prohibitions against Islam, followers are still apprehensive about the entire procedure. Christianity and Organ Donation Christianity as a religion endorses organ transplantation. The various branches of Christianity such as Anglican,

Methods of research that warrant the use of qualitative research Essay

Methods of interrogation that warrant the use of qualitative research methods in Criminal Justice - seek ExampleQualitative research is deemed as the to a greater extent superior way with which to conduct important and meaningful research in the field of criminal arbiter/security care. Qualitative research methods provide several advantages which enhance the intensity of understanding with regard to the operations of justice system criminals and crime as easily as allowing for data processing that supersedes statistically oriented conclusions arrived at through the use of quantitative research methods. This mainly because of the difference in information out-of-pocket to the means of data collection applied, data analysis which generally provides a wealth of information on subjects being studied. Knowledge gained therein provides more information, is richer and allows for more concrete understanding. In this paper, I intend to discuss and analyze the types of research that warr ant the use of qualitative methods in criminal justice/security wariness research.... myriad of intellectual techniques so as to effectively and efficiently facilitate for the organization, management, analysis and interpretation of data collected. Researchers in criminal justice/ security management use qualitative research which accords them the challenge to look for meaningful ways with which the acquired data kindle be produce workable trends and patterns required for meaningful research (Copes, Brown & Tewksbury, 2011). It is important to note that there are of course generally accepted guidelines in qualitative research which offer guidance as to how researchers can apply qualitative data information, actual tasks, and undertakings of data and information gathering, analysis as well as interpretation while ensuring an acceptable degree of innovativeness and creativity. selective information collected and applied in qualitative research is sourced from a variety of data colle ction methods. These types include individual interviews, observing people, social interactions and place, analysis of unlike forms of media, content guided conversations with regard to focus groups and personal engagements with respects to research sample settings in an effort to better understand how, where, when and what social interactions and social structures refer criminal justice/security management research studies (Copes, Brown & Tewksbury, 2011). Each and every one of these types of data collection differ, more so with the source and blood line of data as well as in the means with which researchers carry out real time tasks towards the collection of raw data while similarly comparing these with similar and regularly realized events things and or situations. Interviews Interviews are in a nutshell structured conversations carried out by researchers with individual members of society in an

Taxes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Taxes - Essay ExampleUsing charitable trusts is another way to reduce income assess, especially for the ones who belong to high income group as these trusts dish out you to give charity generously, giving you a big tax break (Karayan & Swenson, 2006).At the time of selling of valuable assets, one shtup easily minimise Capital Gains tax with the help of one of the most secure asset protection program known as Private Annuity Tax (PAT) which minimizes notwithstanding low-downer properties like artwork or jewelry. When a property is transferred into PAT, it results in smaller tax expense. Another way of minimizing Capital Gains is to get an ISA (Individual Savings Account). Investors can put sufficient funds in ISA and gains made inside this account are CGT-free. Moreover, one more strategy is utilize which is Investing in small companies through special tax efficient programs. In this way, one can claim for Capital Gains tax previously paid.One of the most popular vehicles used to reduce Estate tax is to uniform transfer to minors. Such type of gifting occurs where your children are minors. The gift is handed over to a guardian and when the children lead the age of majority. Marital transfers is another useful way in which assets are transferred to a surviving spouse, who should not be a non-citizen, which minimized the estate tax which is due. Lastly, Quality Family-Owned Business Interest (QFOBI) is another way in which it reduces the gross value of the state and automatically reduces the amount of estate tax which is charged on the net value of the state (Karayan, et al., 2002).I am very much hopeful that I have provided you significant and useful amount of information close to the vehicles for reducing taxes and these vehicles could be regarded as substantial means for taxes

Greater Arab Free Trade Agreement Research Paper

great Arab Free Trade Agreement - Research Paper ExampleThe Economic and Social Council runs and manages the Greater Arab Free Trade agreement and has involved Algeria as another member state in 2009. This treaty is based on the large number of resources functional in these countries, and the income that the countries can generate based on volumes due to large populations within the member countries. The member countries generate significant income based on the eightfold objectives of the organization which are described further in this paper (Abedini and Peridy 1-2). Objectives of the Treaty The various objectives of this particular treaty include maintenance of local products in the industries so as to promote the internal economies of the countries, reduction of customs and other export fees in order to generate more income, maintaining and improving communication between countries in order to help promote and generate frugal activity, and promoting private sector organizatio ns within industries to help improve economic conditions of each country. Each objective has been analyze in detail as well. The countries that are part of the trade agreement generate well-nigh 95% of the trade internally, while this trade also translates to about 90% across the world. The several objectives that this trade agreement aims to meet include 1. Improvement and Reduction of Fees in Customs The Arab countries have reduced their tariffs and customs fees by 10% on a yearly basis (40% reduction has already been performed in the customs fees) in order to help promote trade within the countries and to build on the economic systems through internal trade. 2. Promotion of Local Products within the Arab Nations Within the Arab countries, local products are being promoted as part of the agreement, which has far-reaching economic benefits, not only in terms of improved trade and economic eudaimonia but also standardization of products within the countries as well. 3. Promotion an d sweetening of Local Sectors in the Countries The agreement entails that each country has to promote its private organizations and local sectors by pushing local products in all the countries. For this purpose, a database has been created by the league which is utilized to promote benefits within the local sectors. 4. Improvement of Communication within and Between the Countries Communication between countries is another aim of the agreement, where improving and go communication between the Arab countries can help promote better bilateral and multilateral trade for the greater economic progress of these countries. (Abedini and Peridy 4-6) Economic Motivation backside the GAFTA Agreement A larger number of research articles have been written in favor of and describing the nature of the Greater Arab Free Trade agreement without entailing or outlining the economic motivation and the economic benefits that are being derived from this agreement. Researchers like Tahir (331-6), Hadhri (35-8) and Bayar (22-7) apologise how the Greater Arab Free Trade agreement is based on objectives of the economic welfare of each Arab nation however, the descriptive nature of these researchers does not explain why this treaty has been created in the first place. Some research is also available to explain in a limited manner, the ideology behind economic benefits to some particular countries like Morocco.

Management of Discretionary Costs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Management of Discretionary Costs - Essay ExampleIf one is starting with MRP f the increase, care should be taken that prices do non include sales tax, and are typically net f distribution expenses. In case f an FMCG product (Fast Moving Consumer Goods) unit realization f the company, which will appear as gross sales will be typically 65% f MRP price which the consumer pays. Many a times, companies give their flock figures under generic product category name. The volume figures include products f different sizes, types and prices. The analyst has to take care f expected changes in product mix while forecasting.Keep a broad picture f the competitive scenario and its impact on pricing. Also, understand key drivers f pricing, like for petrochemicals, India is a price taker, so global price trends have a bigger influence in determining Indian price trends.Material Costs judge material costs, which in most cases is the most significant cost item. Key variables- Raw material prices- Pro duction efficiency, conversion norms and yield improvement have a significant bearing on cost estimation. The analyst has to understand the basic manufacturing process and get a fix on input output norms. turn over CostsFor estimating labour costs, one can start with previous years labour cost and adjust it for the following factors. Key variables- Additions/ adjustments for additional capacity/ new plant,- lessening for retrenchment/ sale f a unit etc,- Salary increases on settlements with union etc. Many companies plan for settlement hikes and make provisions even if negotiations are delayed,- Bonus, profit linked incentives, - Salary increases.Fuel and power cost... Financial altercates faced by Kramer and Associates, and especially by the director of this investment consulting company get over with attempting to manage clients portfolios to suit each and everyones future financial needs. In summary, the simulation involves three clients with different risk profiles. Adrian ODo nnell has a high-risk harvesting profile, and wants to see returns as quick as one and a half to two years time. Tonya Davidson has a conservative-risk increment profile, and wants to see a steady growth of her investment over the span of 10 years. John Barrett has a moderate-risk growth profile, and wants to see steady returns over a period of five to six years. The challenge arises on how to allocate their investment funds to meet their desired risk and returns level. With treasury bills, the returns are almost exactly what was promised initially, therefore making them an almost safe investment. The returns on T-bills are on average about five percent. Stocks on the other hand, have returns of average 10 percent per year. In this case, companies may in conclusion experience bankruptcy, which means a depletion of ones stocks in that company, or that company may experience big growth, meaning that the investor will experience enormous returns. Therefore, the simulation challeng es the consultant to find the right mix of investment options to satisfy the goals of each client.

Is fairtrade beneficial to producers and farmers in developing Essay

Is fairtrade beneficial to producers and farmers in developing countries - Essay ExampleHowever, fair job USA which was formerly under Fairtrade international label left the label and begun implementing a different labeled scheme and included all crops and estates as healthful as individual smallholder farmersThis paper focuses on the analysis of Fairtrade and holds the view that Fairtrade is not beneficial to farmers and producers in the developing countries. As will be evident in this paper, while Fairtrade report a substantial increment in year to year trade, these increments in profits do not cascade down to farmers and producers because of several(prenominal) factors related to inefficiency in marketing and distribution of products in the developing countries. As stated by Griffiths (2012 p.369), the sales of Fairtrade international certified products totaled to approximately 98 billion United states dollars which represent 22 percent increment comp bed to the previous year. H owever, Fairtrade does not give a breakdown of how much of these sales reach the producers in developing countries. Moreover Fairtrade does not reveal how much of these figures are from the extra prices charged for Fairtrade goods.Inefficient marketing system is one of the major factors that have resulted into omit of benefits to farers and producers. Fairtrade emphasizes on selling through monopolist cooperatives which are most of the times corrupt and inefficient (Griffiths, 2012 p. 370). It is also important to note that some private traders are more efficient than the cooperatives. In this regard it is also very difficult for the members of a cooperative to switch even if the cooperative is being mismanaged or when a cooperative is being bankrupt especially when they want to attain fair trade status. Fairtrade is also inefficient since it goes against the free market ideal of certain economies. Griffiths (2012 p. 268), refers to Fairtrade as a misguided attempt to make up for t he market failures. This is because deviation from free market result into

The relationship between gender differences and the 'double bind' as Essay

The kindred between gender differences and the double bind as important drivers of the chalk ceiling in leadership - Essay ExampleWhere higher(prenominal) thresholds of women leadership ar presented, gender differences in leadership argon less significant however, where the glass ceiling or barriers to leadership atomic number 18 significant and are placed at lower thresholds, the gender differences in leadership are very wide. This study is on gender and leadership, specifically focusing on the relationship between gender differences and the double bind being important drivers of the glass ceiling in leadership. Body It is important to understand first the concept of the glass ceiling. This term was first used in the 1980s mostly to refer to the barriers against women and also minorities in reaching leadership or corporate manager roles (Johns, 2013). around governments have acknowledged that despite their best efforts to legally secure equal rights and opportunities for men an d women in leadership roles, women and minorities still occupy only a clarified percentage of management positions and roles. Artificial barriers are still very much preventing them from gaining more ground as leaders (Johns, 2013). In the US, a Glass roof Act was even established in order to impact how businesses are filling in management positions, how developmental leadership skills are being enhance for advancement into these positions, the compensation programmes in the workplace, and the creation of annual awards for excellence. A Glass Ceiling Commission established in 1995 identified barriers against women securing management positions. These barriers included societal, political, and midland business practices and structures (Johns, 2013). Societal barriers included prejudice, cultural, and ethnicity-based differences. Governmental barriers include the lack of sustained monitoring for compliance, weak enforcement of provisions, as well as poor recruitment and outreach is sues (Johns, 2013). Companies ofttimes prefer to promote the current employees they have, not wanting to add women, even those who are highly qualified into their pool of managers. Even when installed in managerial positions, these women are still subjected to barriers relating to the styles of gender communication, cordialization practices, as well as behaviour (Rajah et al., 2011). Moreover, career course barriers also serve as barriers on women seeking managerial positions. These barriers include limited guidance and mentoring opportunities, dead-end positions, different assessment practices for men and women, and difficulties in accessing informal levels of communication (Zimmerman et al., 2008). The barriers discussed above are still persistent today. The social support system for instance prevents women from gaining leadership positions, especially in relation to their work-family conditions as governments are not providing institutional support for working mothers (Johns, 20 13). Women therefore are significantly challenged in balancing the demands between work and home (US Congress Joint economic Committee, n.d.). A report from the US Congress Joint scotch Committee (n.d.) also indicated that the US does not grant incentive for parents, especially women seeking parental leaves as much as other members of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The US only grants as much as 12 weeks, while other countries grant up to 18 weeks of parental leave (Johns, 2013). expressage flexibility in work conditions is a major factor holding women back in their work advancement. American women ordinarily take on a primary role in

Community Career Interview Activity Research Paper

Community Career Interview Activity - Research Paper ExampleThe interview takes consecrate at the community center on 15th May 2012 at 5 pm. This paper describes the interview process dealing with the new information gained that is expedient in a professional setting, as well as the course. No difficulties were experienced in the conduct of the interview this is with regard to finding the venue, locating the interviewee, as well as gaining answers. Immense new knowledge was acquired through the interview, which is applicable in the professional sense. However, the program is also instrumental in showing the effectuate of medicine abuse hence preventing persons from experimenting with drugs. The center manager highlighted some of the critical elements regarding the organization, its services and its overall importance to the community. The organization provides quality prevention, correctional, and intervention programs for persons suffering from drug addiction. The organization i s a meeting point for drug addicts and addiction specialists. The organization centers on affording intervention and rehabilitation services to drug addicts within the community. It also serves as a link between drug addicts and government-based treatment centers that harmonise inpatient programs through support groups for persons addicted to alcohol, heroin, cocaine, marijuana, and other drugs (Siegel, 2005). The drug rehabilitation program run by the community center helps the area residents in many ways. This information is quite important as it ensures others gain knowledge of the problem of addiction and how addicts quarter obtain assistance. Firstly, the program provides necessary treatment for drug addicts in the community, allowing for the rehabilitation of such persons (Siegel, 2005). Through joint efforts with the government, the program provides employment opportunities to rehabilitated drug addicts.

Fashion marketing 3750 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Fashion marketing 3750 - Essay ExampleIntroduction There are many theories and concepts that have been developed and employ to the domain of marketing over time. This paper principal(prenominal)ly focuses on the marketing mix although, at some point, it gives a reflection on other aspects of marketing. The main focus is with put on make marketing. People like fashion. Every human being wants to feel part of the present dispensation in terms of fashion. It is when the separate marketing strategies with the good mix is put in place that people know to understand what is new and fashionable thereby pushing them to go for the products. In the UK, c sething is the second largest retail sector. This is the sector that can be said to be the stronghold of fashion. It is where fashion begins. One can even say that this is where fashion ends. Therefore, when discussing fashion, clothing comes into mind. As such, these products have to be marketed adequately in order to inform the custome rs almost them, how they can get them, where they can obtain them and at what outlay they are able to obtain them. The Marketing Concept Marketing is the analysis, planning, implementing and control of carefully devised programs designed to create voluntary exchanges of value with objective markets for the intent of achieving organizational goals. It is a managerial process which aims at achieving the objectives of any organization which wants to relate to its client in the most effective manner (Allen, McQuarrie, & Barr, 1998). This may be achieved by creating a high level of satisfaction in customers through improved budgets, buying better equipment, improving or renovating the building and by charging lower prices on products and armed services. Therefore, marketing in the field of fashion should be seen to be a deliberate attempt to bring about the said exchanges of value with clients in the field of fashion. Marketing is above advertising what services are offered. However, it is also a progression by which research is assembled to inform institutional objectives and the tactical actions required to get wind those objectives. At one point, marketing was a concept that was completely unknown to the humans sector, possibly because the term was directly related with thoughts of selling. New changes in the common sector have sited a great deal of prominence on arms-length associations and trading or quasi-trading associations. The modifications have also permitted managers more freedom to choose where they should get the services they need, or if they should be service providers themselves. Hence marketing has developed into a more important issue (MacDaniel, 1998). It has become vital for bosses in the public sector to expand marketing skills so as to vend services and thoughts to their stakeholders, consumers, executives and staff. Managers have had to reason critically about how best to inform potential clients about the services that they can offer and how to make sure these services meet customer requirements. In the fashion sector, this has destined increased importance on service to the public, on ascertaining the needs and ensuring that those desires are met. These are all issues close to the hearts of marketing professionals. A lot of managers are finding themselves occupied with facets of marketing. Whereas, some volition find it as a new experience that will be pleasant, depending on ones personality and earlier experience. Marketing relies a lot on planning the

The Scope and Definition of Evil Essay Example for Free

The Scope and Definition of Evil EssayThe Chinese figure, Yin Yang, have always amazed me. It has been believed to be a symbol of the balance of the forces of hefty and unholy in the world. It speaks of the coexistence of good and reprehensible that each fuelnot overthrow the other or that one roll in the haynot subsist without the other. Thus, in the invention of atrocious and its meaning, it is but proper that good should come with it. But thence, if we speak of darkness, we be already implicitly speaking of goodness. Consequently, what then is the definition of evil? To what extent does the concept of evil grasp?In the first place, is there really such(prenominal) a thing as evil? Evil has so umpteen definitions in the different contexts that it keep invade. In Christian theology, evil is simply that which should not exist at all (Sharpe, 1909). Evil is the summation of all the opposition and cast out events and situations that can render suffering to mankind. I n popular Christian discussions, evil amounts to one thing, that is, the absence of good. This is somewhat in contrary to the concept that lies within the Yin Yang symbol.In relation to Christianity, other traditional religions claim that evil is an active force that drives anyone into doing acts of forcefulness and any other deed that can jeopardize human lifetime or life itself. Thus, terrorist attacks, torture and murder are some pillow slips of the different forms of evil. In general terms, evil is intentional behavior or stimulation of others resulting to events that demean, dehumanize, harm, prohibit or kill innocent people (Zimbardo, 2003, p. 3). It does not only include the very action of violence but also evil is something that urges one to do immoral acts that defame people.Furthermore, evil cannot only reside tangibly it can also exist in the mind. Thus, evil can be regarded as a group of thoughts in ones mind that plan to or wish to inflict harm or remainder to cer tain people. The nature of evil can be classified into three types. The first of which is physical evil that can cause bodily harm or harm to mans properties (Sharpe, 1909). It is so physically evil to rob someone. It is consequently the same evil to shot someone. One very famous example of this type of evil is the phratry 11 terrorist attack on World Trade Center twin towers.Another type of evil is called moral evil. As its name implies, it concerns the principles that a someone has or a particular society possesses. Moral evil encompasses the deviations and violations from the accepted set of feelings that a person or an event causes. Such evil is discovered in the tradition of cannibalism which is one of the many ancient practices that is condemned by the major religions of the world. In the modern times, an example of moral evil is the view of Christians against contraception. To the Roman Catholic Church, the use of contraception is moral evil.It violates the moral belief that only God can decide when or how one will have a baby. It violates the belief that though there is still is no physical evidence of a life in the tummy of a woman, life can already exist. The one-third type of evil is known as the metaphysical evil. This evil is very complicated since it does not speak of physical or conceptual evil in the sense that the two former types exist. Metaphysical evil does not involve human beings but rather the environment they live in and the things found in it (Sharpe, 1909).It is related to nature, plants, animals the elements of the world. Surprising as it may seem, we surely have encountered such. Pain, harm or damage inflicted to animals or anything comprising the things found in nature is evil. But it is not the same evil which can be regarded to human since no one can actually define the emotions and feelings, if such exist, of the things and creatures in the environment. Thus, metaphysical evil is only a representation of the evil that can exist in nature. Looking at the different types of evil, we would certainly perceive the relativity of its concept.The evil that a group of persons may consider can be considered good by another society. An act of violence condemned by others may be an act or valor to some. Hence, there is no real line that separates the good and evil of the world. Who then has the right set of limitations regarding evil? Spinoza pointed out that due to this complication, evil can be judged by everyone according to what his or her conscience dictates (2005, p. 135). If so, then, there is no exact and distinguishing rule between what is evil and what is good. This may sound confusing.In utmost(prenominal) cases, it actually may be simple. If one is choosing between two things in extremes, such as life and death, surely, it will be easy to decide that death is evil and life is good. Nevertheless, if we look into more complex situations wherein the two choices are both good and still have to decide w hich is better and which one is not, it can be very difficult. In the same manner is when a person is confronted with two evil things where he has to judge the lesser evil. It is thus proper to dry land that evil is that which is the lesser good.In another explanation of evil, it is discussed as keen better but doing worse (Zimbardo, 2003, p. 3). This may somehow simplify the issue of judgment. What is evil is what is deemed to be evil by ones conscience. If a persons mind speaks of an action as harmful, and yet the person continues to execute such endeavor, it is then considered evil. On the other hand, this opens the possibility that not all violence can be viewed as evil. If the person performing the act is not certified that what he is doing is a form of violence, then it is not evil at all.To be guilty of evil is to deliberately do an act of cruelty knowing it causes pain to other beings. Furthermore, deliberately doing a perceived evil and taking pleasure in it is far worse . Yet, can anyone be considered innocent of evil because of ignorance of it? In a different context, ignorance itself is evil since the idea of evil is that which opposes or negates. Another aspect that can be broadened in the concept of evil is the source from thence it came. In the book, Augustine on Evil by Gillian Evans, evil is asserted to come completely from a persons will (1994, p.98). In Christian theology, evil can be the product of Satan, also known as Lucifer, who somehow resolved to build his own empire. It is also believed that Satans kingdom is the world. It is therefore justifiable to state that evil can come from mans will since man is of the world. Nevertheless, evil can also be due to the battlefront of good. How can one come into such a conclusion? In the earlier discussions, we have defined that evil is the absence of good. It is the counterpart of goodness. Thus, the existence of good can account for the existence of evil.Categorically, one can also say that evil thrive in society because pain and violence is visible. But then, violence and terror are products of evil. In sum, evil can ironically come out of good. Without goodness, evil cannot subsist. To further explain this point, let us take for example the existence of good people. The existence of good persons can attract what we consider evil since unconsciously, by being good, people become prone to abuse which can be a ground for evil actions. According to Alford, evil is an encounter with dread (1997, p.3). But then, lets get back to the Chinese symbol, yin yang. spy it intently, we will see the equal line that differentiates the white from the black. It speaks of balance and nicety between the two forces, if there is such a thing as justice between evil and good. For every evil that can transpire there is corresponding equal good that can come out of the situation. Further interrogative sentence of the symbol will affirm that good cannot be intertwined with evil in a way of blending. There is no such thing as a grey idea of good and evil.If a thing is evil, it will remain evil though much of the modern people claim it to be otherwise. If it is good, then it will forever remain good. No evil can be completely evil because in the process, good will always sprout out. It is true, many of us have experienced evil in our lives but it is seldom realized that the hurts evil can bring to us is countered. With every evil experience, lessons are learned. Without evil, we will never understand and enjoy goodness, just as we wont understand a smile if we dont recognized a frown in the first place.